| 3. Shang Han Lun (Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders) |
3. 《伤寒论》 |
| The "Shang Han Lun," also known as the "Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders" or the "Treatise on Cold Injury," is a Chinese medical treatise describing the treatment of the common cold, its variants and related complications. It was written by Zhang Zhongjing at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty between 200 and 205. The book was actually compiled by later generations from his original works "Shang Han Za Bing Lun" ("Treatise on Cold Diseases and Miscellaneous Diseases"). The other book compiled from the same works is called "Jin Kui Yao Lue" ("Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet"). "Shang Han Lun" is the oldest clinical textbook in the world, and one of the four canonical works that the TCM-majored students must study. |
《伤寒论》是一部阐述外感及其杂病治疗规律的专著。东汉末年由张仲景撰于公元200-205年。张仲景原著《伤寒杂病论》，经后人整理编纂将内容分为两部书：《伤寒论》和《金匮要略》。《伤寒论》是世界上最早的一部医学教科书，是中医专业学生必读的四大经典著作之一。 |
| Composed of 12 volumes and 22 pieces, the book has 397 sections with 112 herbal prescriptions. It organizes all the diseases into the six divisions called "six channels," based on the ways treatment can be applied accordingly. |
《伤寒论》全书共12卷，22篇，397法，共有药方112个。他把病症分为六种，即所谓“六经”，据此来判断诊疗方法。 |
| The six channels are: |
这六经是： |
| Tai Yang (greater yang): a milder stage with external symptoms of chills, fevers, stiffness, and headache. Therapy: sweating. |
太阳：阳气较足，外在症状有恶寒、发热、肌肤僵硬、头痛等。疗法：发汗。 |
| Yang Ming (yang brightness): a more severe internal excess yang condition with fever without chills, distended abdomen, and constipation. Therapy: body cooling and discharging body waste. |
阳明：内在阳气过盛，无寒战，但有发热、腹胀、便秘等症状。疗法：降温、排毒。 |
| Shao Yang (lesser yang): half outside, half inside, half excess and half deficiency, with chest discomfort, alternating chills, and fever. Therapy: harmonizing. |
少阳：半外、半内、半过盛、半缺乏，有胸闷、往来寒热、发热等症状。疗法：和解。 |
| Tai Yin (greater yin): chills, distended abdomen with occasional pain. Therapy: warming the body with supplements. |
太阴：有恶寒、腹胀并偶伴疼痛等症状。疗法：温补。 |
| Jue Yin (absolute yin): thirst, difficult urination, physical collapse. Therapy: warming the body with supplements. |
厥阴：口干、小便困难、体力不支。疗法：温补。 |
| Shao Yin (lesser yin): weak pulse, anxiety, drowsiness, diarrhea, chills, cold extremities. Therapy: warming the body with supplements. |
少阴：脉微细，焦虑、困倦、腹泻、恶寒、四肢冰冷。疗法：温补。 |
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