Public finance key to reform
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Since 1998, when the concept of the public financial framework was put forward, China has achieved substantial progress in building its public financial system. Achievements include the implementation of the policy of the departmental budget, as well as the "county government administrating township finance" and "provincial government directly managing county finances" formula. All these, together with the establishment of the financial performance appraisal system, have laid a solid foundation for the country's public finance reforms in the 12th Five-Year Plan period.
During this period, the public finance reforms will reduce the finance managing levels from the current five to three. The administrative and financial power of central and local governments will be re-divided to forge a financial and tax system in which the financial power of local governments matches their administrative power. Not matching their financial power to their administrative power has resulted in a series of problems, such as the long-controversial land sales as a means of raising revenue.
In the 12th Five-Year Plan period, outlay on such public services as social security, primary education and basic medical care should be gradually shifted from lower government to higher and measures taken to expand local governments' revenues.
Measures should also be taken to promote reforms of the country's current financial and income system under the premise that financial burdens on local governments will be eased. Experimental reforms of business tax and added tax will be pushed forward to reduce the financial burden on small and medium-sized enterprises and service sectors. At the same time, a property tax should be imposed at a proper time to make it one of the main tax sources of local governments. In addition, taxes on environment and resources utilization should be adopted to promote the transformation of the country's economic growth model.
Focus should be shifted to the expansion of domestic demand in order to increase the proportion of public service spending. Financial input should lean to the construction of the social welfare network to help develop the country into a society with comprehensive access to education, healthcare, pensions, employment, housing and a minimum living allowance within the next three to five years.
While aiding urban construction, public finance should also play a bigger role in promoting balanced development between urban and rural areas and between different regions. Preferential policies should be adopted to increase public spending on scientific research and the cultivation of new core industries, in a bid to create new engines for the country's economic growth in the next 20 to 30 years.
New energy and new technology industries, as well as energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection should also get a bigger share of the public coffers.
The author is a researcher with the China Development Research Foundation.
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