30. Peacekeeping Cooperation: The two sides reaffirmed the importance of strengthening the UN peace keeping operations, and announced a joint commitment to work together to coordinate troop and police capacity-building efforts for peacekeeping in third countries in Africa. The two sides look forward to further exchanging views in this regard. China announced its intention, in conjunction with the establishment of its 8000-person standby peacekeeping force, to make certain units deployable within 60 days.

31. Refugee: China and the United States expressed grave concern over the increasing numbers of refugees globally. The Chinese side appreciates the U.S. side's holding of the Summit on Refugees and commends the new contributions to be announced by the United States to protect and assist refugees. The United States welcomes the new contributions to be announced by China to support UN refugee efforts.

32. Space Cooperation: China and the United States recognized that space debris can be catastrophic to satellite and human spaceflight, and that, due to the global dependence on space-based capabilities, the creation of space debris can seriously affect all nations. Therefore, as two Permanent Members of the UN Security Council with major space programs, China and the United States committed to intensify cooperation to address the common challenge of the creation of space debris and to promote cooperation on this issue in the international community. Both sides agreed to work further on the basis of their inaugural Space Security Exchange held in May 2016 to expand consensus and to hold the second round of the Space Security Exchange before the end of 2016.

33. Combating Illegal Wildlife Trade: The two sides agreed to strengthen cooperation on combating wildlife trafficking, and reaffirmed the commitment made during President Xi Jinping's state visit to the U.S. in 2015 and the 8th round of China-U.S. Strategic & Economic Dialogue, reinforcing ivory trade control policies, conducting law enforcement exchanges and cooperation, combating online trade of illegal wildlife products, and encouraging cooperation with other countries pursuant to international conventions to take a comprehensive approach to combating wildlife trafficking.

34. Maritime Cooperation: The two sides affirmed their commitment to work with other relevant governments towards reaching an instrument to prevent unregulated commercial fishing in the high seas of the Central Arctic Ocean by the end of 2016. To further cooperation between China and the United States on polar and ocean matters, both sides decided to sign an MOU to facilitate cooperative and mutually beneficial science-related activities in both the Arctic and Antarctic. The two sides planned to hold the Eighth Annual Dialogue on the Law of the Sea and Polar Issues in the United States in 2017.

35. Cooperation on Civil Nuclear Security: The two sides committed to deepen their cooperation on nuclear security, and make joint contributions to promoting global nuclear security and nonproliferation. The two sides had held the first meeting of the annual bilateral dialogue focused on nuclear security, and issued the China-U.S. Joint Statement on Nuclear Security Cooperation during the Nuclear Security Summit. The two sides noted with satisfaction that the Center of Excellence on Nuclear Security has been put into operation, the Ghana Miniature Neutron Source Reactor Conversion project has reached an important milestone. The two sides agreed to complete the conversion of the MNSR in Ghana as soon as possible, and committed to start the conversion of the MNSR in Nigeria as early as possible in cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency. The two sides noted with satisfaction that a joint workshop on nuclear liability had been held in 2015, and agreed to strengthen communication and exchange on the nuclear liability regime.

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