One harbor, two cities
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Hong Kong is a city with 7 million people and a deep-water harbor that is unrivaled for beauty anywhere in the world. It is a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. In 1997, when Britain returned Hong Kong to China after 99 years, a Faustian compromise was struck to insure "one country, two systems." While the mainland is a socialist market, Hong Kong remained capitalist. Hong Kong is ranked the "freest" market economy in the world. It is the third most important global city, behind only New York and London. The mystique of Hong Kong has been memorialized in films such as The World of Suzie Wong, or the kung fu sagas of Jackie Chan and Bruce Lee.
In the Urban Best Practices Area of the Shanghai World Expo, the innovative Hong Kong "Smart Card" is featured. The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has been universally employed in shopping, public transportation, Autotoll, school attendance, sports and leisure events, fast food, immigration clearance and other services. Soon it will be widespread in education and medical services. Ninety-five percent of people aged 16-65 uses the stored-value card. The Hong Kong airport is one of the two airports worldwide to use the RFID for passenger baggage. Yet, like most "smart" city ideas that employ standardized identification, privacy is sacrificed for efficiency. No matter how smart the technology, there is no escaping the values that lie behind the choice of any urban technology.
One of the biggest tourist attractions in Hong Kong is the spectacular office light and laser shows that bath the harbor at night. But there is no light shinning on the people that are lost behind the dazzling diversion. Over 1.2 million people live below the poverty line. The Gini coefficient, measuring income inequality, places Hong Kong as the most unequal location in all of Asia, behind China's mainland and India. There are at least 100,000 people living in 35 square foot or smaller "cages", sometimes several people to a unit.
Thus Hong Kong has some of the highest property values in the world and the some of the worst living conditions anywhere. It has a very high proportion of the world's best restaurants while people search for food in the garbage. Hong Kong is building a "smart city" that grows further away from a "just city" every day. How smart is that?
Hong Kong is the poster child for the "global city," a duet of beauty and barbarism. Despite the flow of capital in and out of Hong Kong, despite the networks that place Hong Kong at the center of the world economy, are not the cages of the forgotten tenement buildings also a measure of the global city?
At least 1 billion people now live in slums worldwide, and this may soar to 2 billion within one generation. These settlements lack basic services, are unhealthy and unsafe. Whether a ghetto, barrio, favela, or shanty-town, the global city is a city of slums. The labeling of these settlements as "informal" denying the actual formality within such communities, works to marginalize and stereotype people who may, due to population growth and escalating urbanization, become the primary motor of the modern city.
Every large city is at least two cities. Most attempts at slum removal or reform, upgrading or up-scaling, further marginalize the poor. In no large city does urban governance have the will, let alone understand how to close the inequality gap. For slum residents there is little or no prospect for a "better" city or a "better" life. This story is not told at the Shanghai World Expo.
Barry Weisberg is the Global Cities Commentator for WBEZ's Worldview, Chicago Public Radio, the United States.
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