《中国的医疗卫生事业》白皮书
White Paper: Medical and Health Services in China
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| 五、妇女儿童健康权益保护 | V. Protecting Women and Children's Right to Health |
| 中国现有8.6亿妇女儿童，约占总人口的三分之二。中国政府将男女平等作为一项基本国策，一贯高度重视妇女儿童的生存和健康状况，完善妇幼卫生法制与政策，签署多项保护妇女儿童的国际公约，健全妇幼卫生服务体系，实施妇幼公共卫生服务项目，着力提高妇幼卫生服务的公平性和可及性，促使广大妇女儿童健康权益得到有效保护。 | Currently, China has 860 million women and children, accounting for two thirds of the nation's total population. The Chinese government has established gender equality as a basic national policy, and has always attached great importance to the life and health of women and children. The state strives to improve the legal regime and related policies regarding women and children's healthcare, and has signed many international conventions committed to the protection of women and children. China has improved its health services for women and children, and implemented public health service programs for them, focusing on making these services more equitable and accessible so as to effectively protect women and children's right to health. |
| 完善妇幼卫生法制和政策。1994年10月全国人大常委会审议通过母婴保健法，标志着妇幼卫生工作进入法制化管理阶段。20世纪90年代以来，中国政府制定实施《中国妇女发展纲要(1995—2000年)》、《中国妇女发展纲要(2001—2010年)》、《中国妇女发展纲要(2011—2020年)》和《九十年代中国儿童发展规划纲要》、《中国儿童发展纲要(2001—2010年)》、《中国儿童发展纲要(2011—2020年)》，把妇女儿童健康纳入国民经济和社会发展规划，作为优先发展的领域之一。 | The legal regime and related policies regarding women and children's healthcare have been improved. In October 1994, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress reviewed and passed the Law on Healthcare for Mothers and Infants, which signaled that China's management of women and children's affairs had entered a law-based stage. Since the 1990s, the Chinese government has enacted the Program for the Development of Chinese Women (1995-2000), Program for the Development of Chinese Women (2001-2010), Program for the Development of Chinese Women (2011-2020), Program for the Development of Chinese Children in the 1990s, Program for the Development of Chinese Children (2001-2010) and Program for the Development of Chinese Children (2011-2020), giving priority to women and children's health in national programs of economic and social development. |
| 健全妇幼卫生服务体系。中国妇幼卫生体系以妇幼保健专业机构为核心，以城乡基层医疗卫生机构为基础，以大中型综合医疗机构和相关科研教学机构为技术支持，为妇女儿童提供全方位的医疗保健服务。建立妇幼卫生年报系统和世界上规模最大的妇幼卫生监测网络，实施出生缺陷监测、孕产妇死亡监测、5岁以下儿童死亡监测、危重孕产妇监测和儿童营养健康监测。妇幼卫生信息为各级政府制定卫生政策特别是妇幼卫生政策提供了科学依据。 | The health service system for women and children has been improved. China's healthcare system for women and children takes professional women and children's health organizations as its core and is based on community-level urban and rural healthcare services. With technical support from large and medium-sized general hospitals and relevant research and training institutions, the state provides all-round healthcare services for women and children. The country publishes annual reports on women and children's healthcare progress and has developed the world's largest monitoring network in this regard, keeping track of cases of birth defects, deaths of pregnant and lying-in women, deaths of children under five years of age, and complicated cases of pregnant and lying-in women, as well as children's nutrition and health. The information collected on women and children's health has provided a solid statistical basis for governments at all levels to formulate healthcare policies, especially policies on women and children's health. |
| 开展妇女生殖保健服务。积极推广婚前和孕前保健，普及优生优育、生殖健康科学知识，深入开展孕产期保健，形成包括产前检查、产前筛查与诊断、高危孕产妇筛查与管理、住院分娩、新生儿保健和产后访视在内的一整套孕产期保健服务。2011年全国孕产妇产前检查率、产后访视率和系统管理率分别为93.7％、91.0％和85.2％，比2000年分别提高4.81％、5.57％和10.36％，高危孕产妇管理率达到了99.6％。开展“降低孕产妇死亡率、消除新生儿破伤风”项目，消除了孕产妇及新生儿破伤风。2011年，全国孕产妇死亡率为26.1／10万，比1990年和2000年下降了72.4％和50.8％。开展妇女病普查普治、青春期保健和更老年期保健等，为广大妇女提供全生命周期服务。 | The reproductive health services for women are provided. China has proactively promoted premarital and pre-pregnancy healthcare, and has been publicizing knowledge on prenatal and postnatal care, and reproductive health. Intensive healthcare services for pregnant and lying-in women are available, and a complete array of services for pregnant and lying-in women has been developed, covering prenatal examination, prenatal defect screening and diagnosis, screening and management of high-risk pregnant and lying-in women, hospitalized delivery, infant healthcare and postnatal home visits. In 2011, a total of 93.7%, 91.0% and 85.2% of pregnant and lying-in women, respectively, received prenatal examinations, postnatal home visits and other medical management services in China, 4.81%, 5.57% and 10.36% higher than the statistics of 2000. The percentage of high-risk pregnant and lying-in women included in the medical management program has reached 99.6%. China has carried out a program to "lower the maternal mortality and eliminate neonatal tetanus," which achieved the desired effects. The maternal mortality rate in 2011 was 26.1 per 100,000, dropping 72.4% and 50.8% as compared to 1990 and 2000, respectively. The state also provides medical services for the screening and treatment of gynecological diseases, adolescence health, and climacteric and old-age health, offering services that cover the whole life cycle of Chinese women. |
| 开展儿童保健服务。加强新生儿保健，规范新生儿访视服务。开展婴幼儿及学龄前儿童保健，实施7岁以下儿童保健管理和3岁以下儿童系统管理。2011年全国3岁以下儿童系统管理率和7岁以下儿童保健管理率分别达到84.6％和85.8％。儿童生长发育水平不断提高，儿童营养不良状况持续减少。努力控制出生缺陷，提高出生人口素质，开展新生儿疾病筛查、0—3岁儿童早期综合发展、发育偏离儿童的康复训练、高危儿早期干预、食物过敏的早期干预、睡眠问题干预、环境污染对儿童健康损害的早期干预以及青春期保健等。关注和重视留守儿童、流动儿童、伤残儿童等特殊儿童群体的身心健康。 | The healthcare services for children are provided. China has strengthened healthcare for newborns and regularized home-visiting service for newborns. The state offers healthcare services for infants, young children and pre-school children, and exercises health management of children under seven years of age and comprehensive management of children under three years of age. In 2011, some 84.6% of children under three years of age and 85.8% of children under seven years of age received comprehensive health management and medical management services. Chinese children are growing healthier and faster physically, and cases of malnutrition keep declining. The state strives to control birth defects and improve the quality of newborn babies, and has conducted disease screenings for newborns, early development programs for children under three years old, rehabilitation training for children with growth deviation, early-stage intervention for high-risk children, early-stage intervention in cases of food allergy, assistance with sleep problems, early-stage help in case of damage to children's health caused by environmental pollution, and adolescence healthcare, among others. Children whose parents seek employment away from home, children who live with their migrant-worker parents, disabled children and other special groups of children also receive attention and help from the state both physically and mentally. |
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