《中国的医疗卫生事业》白皮书
White Paper: Medical and Health Services in China
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| 七、卫生国际合作 | VII. International Medical and Healthcare Cooperation |
| 长期以来，中国积极参与全球卫生事务，广泛开展卫生领域的政府间和民间的多边、双边合作交流，积极参加国际社会、国际组织倡导的重大卫生行动。高度重视卫生国际援助，先后为许多发展中国家援建医院、培训卫生人才、开展疾病防控等工作，为受援国医疗卫生事业发展发挥了巨大作用。 | For a long period of time, China has been actively participating in international health affairs, and has carried out extensive inter-government and non-governmental multilateral and bilateral cooperation and exchanges. China has also proactively taken part in major health programs of the international community and international organizations. The state pays great attention to international health assistance programs, and has played a huge role in improving the medical and health conditions in many developing countries by building hospitals, training medical and healthcare professionals and carrying out disease control there. |
| 支持世界卫生组织等国际组织工作。积极参与全球卫生议题讨论，分享经验。20世纪70年代，中国总结和贡献卫生实践经验，为推动1978年《阿拉木图宣言》实施初级卫生保健发挥了重要作用。近年来，在《国际卫生条例(2005)》框架下，与世界卫生组织及各国保持及时、密切、畅通联系，为全球疾病防控作出贡献。中国政府每年向世界卫生组织、联合国艾滋病规划署以及全球抗击艾滋病、结核病和疟疾基金等国际组织提供捐款。大力支持国际社会在慢性病、人禽流感、控烟、应急等技术领域的工作。 | Support has been rendered to the work of the World Health Organization and other international organizations. China has been taking an active role in international discussions on health issues and sharing experiences in this regard. In the 1970s, China summarized its practices in healthcare and played an important part in the signing of the Declaration of Alma-Ata in 1978 on primary healthcare by contributing its medical experience. In recent years, China has been efficiently maintaining timely and close contact with the World Health Organization and various countries under the framework of the International Health Regulations (2005), making its due contribution to disease control on a global scale. The Chinese government makes annual donations to the World Health Organization, the Joint United Nations Program on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS), the Global Fund to fight AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, and other international efforts. China also vigorously supports international work to combat chronic diseases and human avian influenza, as well as in tobacco control, emergency medical responses and other related technical fields. |
| 加强区域卫生合作。2003年以来，以中国—东盟传染病防控领域的合作为开端，加快推进区域卫生合作进程。目前，中国已在大湄公河次区域、中亚区域经济合作、中国—东盟、东盟与中日韩、中日韩、亚太经济合作组织和上海合作组织等7个区域性合作机制下，开展与周边国家和本区域的卫生合作和国际援助。从2005年起，中国与缅甸、越南、老挝合作，在边境地区开展疟疾、艾滋病联防联控项目，还开展了结核病、登革热防治等跨境合作项目。 | Regional health cooperation has been strengthened. In 2003, China initiated cooperation in the field of infectious disease control with ASEAN, and has quickened its steps to promote regional health cooperation since then. Currently, China is carrying out health cooperation with peripheral countries and regional international aid programs within seven regional cooperation mechanisms, namely, those of the Greater Mekong Sub-region, Central Asia Region, China-ASEAN, ASEAN and China, Japan and Korea, Inter-China-Japan-Korea, Asia-Pacific, and Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Since 2005, China has been cooperating with Myanmar, Vietnam and Laos to carry out joint prevention and control programs of malaria and AIDS, as well as cross-border cooperation programs on the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis and dengue fever. |
| 派遣援外医疗队。援外医疗队是中国履行国际义务，按政府双边协议向受援国派遣医务人员团队，在发展中国家开展医疗卫生服务的无偿援助项目。1963年，中国政府向阿尔及利亚派出第一支援外医疗队。截至2011年，中国政府已先后向73个国家派遣了医疗队。目前，有56支医疗队分布在阿尔及利亚、坦桑尼亚、摩洛哥、津巴布韦等53个国家，为当地特别是贫困地区人民提供免费医疗服务，并为受援国引入大批先进医疗技术。50年来，中国援外医疗队共诊疗患者约2.6亿人次。医疗队的工作获得当地民众的高度赞扬，受到受援国政府的充分肯定，迄今约有900名中国医疗队员获得受援国颁发的勋章等各种荣誉。在此期间，有50名中国援外医疗队员牺牲在异国他乡。 | Medical teams have been sent to developing countries to improve medical conditions there. The medical teams China dispatches to developing countries to improve the medical and health conditions there are a regular aid program between the Chinese government and the recipient countries in accordance with bilateral agreements. In 1963, the Chinese government sent its first medical team abroad, to Algeria, and by 2011, China had sent medical teams to 73 countries. Currently, there are 56 Chinese medical teams in Algeria, Tanzania, Morocco, Zimbabwe and 49 other countries. The medical teams provide free medical services for local people there, especially people in poverty-stricken areas, as well as introducing advanced medical technology into the recipient countries. For 50 years, the Chinese medical teams have diagnosed and treated a total of 260 million cases, and their work has been much appreciated by the people and fully recognized by the governments of the recipient countries. So far, about 900 Chinese medical team members have been awarded honors by the recipient countries, and 50 members died during their service abroad. |
| 援建医疗机构。从1970年开始，中国支援非洲等地区的发展中国家建设医疗机构，致力于改善受援国医疗设施条件。截至2011年底，中国共帮助52个国家建成100所医院和医疗中心，为解决当地民众看病就医困难作出了积极贡献。中国为援建医院提供大量成套医疗设备和药品，仅2011年中国就提供了34批医疗设备和药品。截至2011年11月，还有28个国家的31个援建项目在建。 | Medical institutions have been built in developing countries with aid from China. Since 1970, China has been committed to helping developing countries in Africa and other areas to build medical institutions and improve their medical conditions. By the end of 2011, China had helped a total of 52 countries, and built 100 hospitals and medical centers for them, improving medical conditions and providing medical services for local people. China equipped the hospitals with a large number of complete sets of medical equipment and medicines, and in 2011 alone it shipped 34 batches of medical equipment and medicines to the recipient countries. By November 2011, 31 new projects in this regard were still under construction in 28 countries. |
| 培训卫生人力资源。中国援外医疗队通过带教、讲座、培训等方式，将医疗技术传授给当地医护人员，提高受援国卫生技术水平。中国政府支持卫生技术机构在华为发展中国家举办卫生技术研修和培训，截至2011年，共举办培训班400多期，培训15000余人，涉及卫生管理、紧急救援管理、食品卫生、传统医药、传染病防控、实验室检测、卫生检疫和护理技术等。为帮助发展中国家培养高层次医学卫生人才，中国政府还向在华学习医学和中医药学的发展中国家学生提供政府奖学金。 | Health professionals have been trained by China for developing countries. The Chinese medical teams pass their medical knowledge and technology to local medics through personal tutorials, lectures and training courses, improving the medical technology of the recipient countries. The Chinese government supports health technology institutions to hold related study and training programs for developing countries in China. By 2011, China had held over 400 training courses for 15,000 persons on health management, emergency management, food hygiene, traditional medicine, infectious disease prevention and control, laboratory testing, health quarantine, nursing skills and other areas. To help developing countries train medical and health professionals of high caliber, China also offers government scholarships for students from developing countries studying medicine and TCM in China. |
| 开展国际紧急救援。2004年，印度洋地震和海啸在东南亚和南亚地区造成重大人员伤亡，中国及时派出卫生救援队赴泰国、斯里兰卡、印度尼西亚开展救援，并通过世界卫生组织向受灾国家捐助医疗仪器设备和美元现汇。近五年来，中国政府累计开展卫生紧急救援近200次，包括向发生疫情、自然灾害的几内亚比绍、马达加斯加、巴基斯坦、印度尼西亚、海地等国家派遣卫生救援队、提供物资或现汇紧急援助等。中国还派出救援队赴黎巴嫩、刚果(金)等国际维和任务区实施人道主义医学援助，派遣“和平方舟号”医院船赴亚非五国、拉美四国开展巡回医疗服务。 | International emergency rescue has been undertaken. In 2004, Southeast Asia and South Asia suffered great casualties due to an earthquake in the Indian Ocean and the following tsunami. China promptly responded to the emergency by sending medical rescue teams to Thailand, Sri Lanka and Indonesia to help relief efforts there, and donated medical equipment and cash in US dollar to the affected countries through the World Health Organization. Over the past five years, the Chinese government has responded to about 200 health emergencies, sending medical rescue teams to Guinea-Bissau, Madagascar, Pakistan, Indonesia, Haiti and other countries stricken by epidemics or natural disasters, as well as providing relief supplies and cash to those countries. China has also dispatched rescue teams to Lebanon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and other international peacekeeping mission areas to offer humanitarian medical aid there, and its Peace Ark hospital ship sailed to five Asian and African and four Latin-American nations to provide medical services to the people there. |
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