《美国全球监听行动纪录》全文
Full Text: The United States' Global Surveillance Record

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二、美国把中国当成秘密监听的主要目标	II. The United States sets China as the main target of its secret surveillance
斯诺登曝光的证据证明：中国是美国非法窃听的主要目标之一，窃听范围涵盖国家领导人、科研机构、大学、企业等等。	Evidence provided by Snowden shows that China is one of the major targets of the United States' illegal spying operations. The United States has eavesdropped on Chinese state leaders, scientific institutes, universities and enterprises.
斯诺登向德国《明镜》周刊提供的文件表明：美国针对中国进行大规模网络进攻，并把中国领导人和华为公司列为目标。攻击的目标包括商务部、外交部、银行和电信公司等。《明镜》周刊称，美国的监控目标还包括数位中国前任国家领导人和多个政府部门及银行。	Documents revealed by Snowden to Der Spiegel prove that the United States has conducted mass cyber-attacks on China, targeting Chinese state leaders and the giant high-tech company Huawei. Attacks were also aimed at the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as well as Chinese banks and telecommunication companies. According to Der Spiegel, the spying operations also covered several former Chinese state leaders, and government departments and banks.
中国的政府机构是美国窃听的重点关照对象。白宫的一位外交政策助理也曾透露，美国曾在1990年8月落成的中国驻澳大利亚新使馆的每间办公室的混凝土墙里埋设了光纤窃听器，这种细细的玻璃丝在全面安全检查中没有被发现。直到这件事在前些时候被泄露给《悉尼先驱晨报》和其他新闻媒体后，才引起中国的警觉。	Chinese government offices are a particular target of U.S. spy operations. A White House foreign policy aide revealed that the United States planted optical fiber bugs in the walls of the offices of the Chinese Embassy in Australia when it was built in 1990. The bugs were not deactivated until the story was broken by the Sydney Morning Herald.
美国《外交政策》杂志报道，美国国家安全局旗下设有一个“获取特定情报行动办公室”，1997年以来通过网络攻击行动获得包括有关中国情报在内的多项重要情报。	According to a report by Foreign Policy magazine, the United States has stolen a huge amount of important intelligence information from China and other countries via cyber-attacks carried out by the NSA's Office of Tailored Access Operations (TAO), which was established in 1997.
据德国《明镜》周刊报道，已被曝光的一份美国2010年的“监听世界地图”包含了世界90个国家的监控点，中国作为美国在东亚的首要监听对象，北京、上海、成都、香港及台北等城市，均在美国国家安全局重点监控目录之下。从2009年开始，美国国家安全局就开始入侵中国大陆和香港的电脑和网络系统，中国大陆和香港已有数百个目标受到监视。在香港的目标中，多数是大学、政府官员、商人和学生。	A report by Der Spiegel cited a leaked map dating from 2010 that shows U.S. global spy operations have penetrated 90 countries, among which China is the chief target in East Asia. Chinese cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu, Hong Kong and Taipei, are on the priority target list of the NSA. The agency hacked hundreds of computers and Internet servers on the Chinese mainland and Hong Kong since 2009. Targets in Hong Kong included universities, government officials, business people and students.
《南华早报》援引斯诺登的话说：“美国国家安全局无所不用其极，利用非法侵入中国主要电信公司等手段，窃取用户的手机数据。”	According to an interview with Snowden by the South China Morning Post (SCMP), the NSA uses numerous methods to hack Chinese telecommunication companies in order to steal messages of their users.
《南华早报》称斯诺登爆料：美国国家安全局还对中国顶尖高等学府清华大学的主干网络发起大规模的黑客攻击。其中2013年1月的一次攻击中，至少63部电脑和服务器被黑。报道指出，中国六大骨干网之一的“中国教育和科研计算机网”就设在清华大学，“清华的主干网络被黑，意味着数百万中国公民的网络数据可能失窃”。	Snowden also told the SCMP that the NSA had hacked the servers of Tsinghua University, China's most prestigious university. At least 63 computers and servers were attacked in January, 2013. The SCMP report noted that the attack on Tsinghua University, home to one of six main network backbones -- the China Education and Research Network -- means that data from millions of Chinese citizens may have been stolen.
《南华早报》公布的对斯诺登的采访说，美国政府正大规模入侵中国的主要电信公司，以获取数以百万计短信内容。斯诺登表示，美国监控远不止这些，“美国国家安全局做各种事情，诸如入侵中国移动电话公司，以窃取你们所有的短信数据。”	The SCMP, quoting Snowden, made it clear that the U.S. government has been hacking extensively into China's major telecommunication companies and mobile phone operators to steal millions of private text messages.
据路透社报道，美国国家安全局曾与加密技术公司美国安全服务商RSA达成了1000万美元的协议，联合在加密算法中加入漏洞后门，旨在削弱软件加密标准，辅助相关机构RSA开展大规模监控程序。RSA的中国客户包括三大电信运营商中国电信、中国移动、中国联通，中国银行、中国工商银行、中国建设银行等，以及电信设备商华为和家电制造商海尔等。	According to Reuters, the NSA reached a US$10-million deal with RSA, an encryption technology and security service provider, to insert a deliberate flaw or "backdoor" in its cryptography system to make it easier for the NSA to launch mass spying programs. Chinese clients of RSA include three major Chinese telecommunication operators -- China Telecom, China Mobile and China Unicom, as well as the Bank of China, The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Construction Bank, telecommunications provider Huawei, and home appliances group Haier Electronics.
美国《华盛顿邮报》依据斯诺登提供的多份机密文件爆料说，在2012年5月之前的一年间，美国国家安全局未经授权收集、存储、获取或分发受法律保护的通信信息多达2776次。其中2012年第一季度的非法操作次数增加尤其明显。报告说，原因可能在于2012年农历春节期间美国国家安全局非法监听访美的中国公民大量通话信息。	Based on confidential documents provided by Snowden, the Washington Post reported that, during the year before May, 2012, the NSA had collected, stored, obtained or distributed legally protected communications for 2,776 times without authorization. These illegal operations were especially frequent during the first quarter of 2012. The report suggested that this was probably because of NSA eavesdropping on Chinese citizens who visited the U.S. during Chinese Spring Festival at the beginning of the year.
连网络游戏都成为了美国获取情报的渠道，英国《卫报》和《纽约时报》公布了美国著名新闻调查机构“为了人民”的文件，名为“对恐怖分子利用游戏和虚拟环境的研究”。该文件显示，美英两国的情报人员假扮“玩家”，曾渗透入网络游戏《魔兽世界》、《第二生命》中，收集真正电脑游戏玩家的纪录，监视游戏玩家。而实际上，这两款游戏的中国玩家最多。	The United States even retrieves information from computer games. Both the Guardian and the New York Times published a file from investigative news organization Propublica that revealed how intelligence agents from Britain and the United States used games such as, "World of Warcraft" and "Second Life" to spy on the players. It is well known that the majority of players of these two online games are Chinese.
针对中国的监控无孔不入：据媒体报道，斯诺登披露了一批机密文件，这些文件显示，腾讯聊天软件QQ和中国移动的移动即时通讯应用飞信竟然也在美国国家安全局的监视范围之内。	The U.S. spying operations penetrate every corner of China. Snowden also revealed a series of confidential documents which show that QQ, the chat software of Internet giant Tencent, and Fetion, the instant messaging service of China Mobile, were targeted by the NSA.
美国《外交杂志》说，美国一直就网络攻击问题施压中国之时，却从不提及美方大范围攻击中国网络的情况。而在中方指出美方动作时，面对媒体的求证，美国政府始终拒绝公开置评。	According to Foreign Policy magazine, when the United States was putting pressure on China over the issue of cyber-attacks, it failed to mention its own mass cyber espionage on Chinese Internet. U.S. officials had always declined to comment on the issue when questioned by journalists after China had accused America of secret snooping operations.
据德国《明镜》周刊网站、《纽约时报》网站报道，美国国家安全局尤其花大力气监控全球第二大通信设备供应商华为公司。2009年初，该局启动了一项针对华为的大规模行动。华为被视为美国思科公司最大的竞争对手之一。美国国家安全局的一个特别小组成功渗透进了华为公司的计算机网络，并复制了超过1400个客户的资料和工程师使用的内部培训文件。	The websites of Der Spiegel and the New York Times have also reported how the NSA has made huge efforts to spy on Huawei Technologies, the second largest telecom solutions provider in the world. It began activities against Huawei in 2009, because it is the biggest competitor to U.S. telecoms giant Cisco. A specially designated NSA team penetrated Huawei's network and copied the details of 1,400 of its customers as well as training manuals for the company's engineers.
报道称，该局人员不但窃取了华为的电子邮件存档，还获得了个别华为产品的源代码。美国国家安全局渗入华为的深圳总部，因为该公司通过总部处理每个员工的邮件往来，所以美国人从2009年1月起就读取了该公司很大一部分员工的电子邮件——包括公司高管的邮件。	According to the report, the NSA also stole the company's email files as well as the source code of some products. The NSA penetrated into Huawei's headquarters in Shenzhen where the staff emails are handled. American spying operations have gathered a huge number of internal emails of staff members, including senior executives, since January, 2009.
美国情报部门说，如果了解了该公司如何运行，那么未来将会得到回报。迄今为止，网络结构由西方主宰，但中国人将努力使西方的公司变得“更不重要”。那样的话，迄今由美国公司主导的互联网技术标准将被打破，中国将逐步控制网络中的信息流。	According to U.S. intelligence agencies, gaining an understanding of how the company operates will pay off in the future. So far, according to their narrative, cyber space has been effectively controlled by the West, but Chinese companies are challenging Western dominance. If the U.S. monopoly of technological standards is broken, China will gradually take control of information flow on the Internet.
美国《纽约时报》网站3月22日称，长期以来，美国官员一直将中国电信巨头华为公司视为安全威胁，竭力阻挠该公司在美国达成商业协议，担心它会在自己的设备中植入“后门”以便让中国军方或北京支持的黑客窃取企业和政府机密。不过，机密文件表明，美国国家安全局正直接向华为的网络植入自己的“后门”。	A report on the website of the New York Times on March 22 this year said that U.S. officials have always considered Chinese telecommunications giant Huawei as a security threat, and blocked business deals in the United States for fear that Huawei might create "backdoors" in its equipment to allow the Chinese military or Beijing-backed hackers to steal corporate and government secrets. But leaked classified documents reveal that it is the NSA that is creating its own "backdoors" into Huawei's networks.
《纽约时报》报道指出，美国国家安全局对中国的情报活动并不仅仅局限于华为。根据2013年4月斯诺登曝光的文件，去年，美国国家安全局入侵了中国两家大型移动通信网络，从而得以追踪具有战略重要性的中国军方部门。	According to the New York Times report, the intelligence operation against China by the NSA is not limited to Huawei. Documents leaked by Snowden in April 2013 revealed that the NSA infiltrated two major Chinese mobile network companies in order to track strategically important Chinese military units.
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