《美国全球监听行动纪录》全文
Full Text: The United States' Global Surveillance Record
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| 四、美国全球监听受到广泛批评 | IV. The United States' global surveillance program hit by worldwide criticism |
| “棱镜”计划曝光后，引发了包括美国盟友在内的全球范围对美国的批评。德国总理默克尔表示：“我们必须信任我们的盟友和伙伴，而这种信任如今需要重新建立。” | After the PRISM program was exposed, the United States encountered worldwide criticism, including from its allies. German Chancellor Angela Merkel said, "We need trust among our allies and partners. Such trust now has to be built anew." |
| 美国国家安全局监控巴西总统罗塞夫和时为墨西哥总统候选人培尼亚·涅托的通信纪录，引发巴墨两国政府强烈不满。罗塞夫说：“巴西政府坚决要求美 国方面澄清……要求采取具体行动，彻底消除监视的可能性。”由于美方未在巴方要求时间内对监视行为作出解释，罗塞夫推迟对美国的国事访问。 | The fact that the NSA spied on Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff, and hacked the email of Mexican president Enrique Pena Nieto before he took office, triggered outrage in those countries. "The Brazilian government is determined to get clarification from the U.S. government... and require specific actions to be made to remove the possibility of espionage once and for all," Rousseff said. Not receiving a satisfactory reply, she postponed a state visit to Washington. |
| 巴西总统罗塞夫还谴责，美国出于“经济和战略”而非国家安全动机侵入巴西国家石油公司电脑网络。她说，美国的监视活动不是为安保或打击恐怖主义，而是为攫取经济和战略利益，“毫无疑问，巴西国家石油公司不对任何国家的安全构成威胁。” | Rousseff also condemned the U.S. hacking of the computer networks of the Brazilian oil company Petrobras, noting that "it will be evident that the motive for the U.S. spying attempts is not security or the war on terrorism, but strategic economic interests... Clearly, Petrobras is not a threat to the security of any country." |
| 为了绕开美国的网络监控，巴西将与欧洲之间铺设一条海底光缆。巴西政府还下令邮政局和联邦数据处理中心开发一套新的电子邮件系统，旨在防范他国的间谍行为，保障本国经济与政治安全。 | In order to avoid U.S. network surveillance, Brazil is planning to build an undersea optical cable to link with Europe. The Brazilian government has ordered its postal service and federal data processing center to develop a new email system to guard against foreign espionage and protect its economic and political security. |
| 2014年4月底在巴西圣保罗举行的互联网管理大会，焦点就是如何建立新的国际互联网治理秩序。一向标榜网络自由的美国尽管尽量低调，但仍不断 被“呛声”。巴西总统罗塞夫在会议上不点名地批评美国说，“(在互联网治理中)多边参与是非常重要的。所有参与国家的政府都应该得到平等的、一视同仁的对 待，而不是某一个国家比其他国家具有更大的话语权”，矛头直指美国政府对互联网监管机构的控制以及对其他国家的网络监控行为。俄罗斯尖锐地对美国进行了抨 击，指责美“一国政府独掌”国际互联网名称和编号分配公司。俄方代表说，“这一现状令国际社会十分担忧”。 | The Global Internet Governance Conference held in Sao Paulo, Brazil, in late April 2014 focused on building a new international Internet governance order. The United States, which had in the past often bragged about Internet freedom, tried to keep a low profile, yet still brought the blame of others on itself. During the conference, Brazilian President Rousseff chid the United States without mentioning it by name. "(In Internet governance) multilateral participation is very important. All the participating governments should be treated equally and all alike without discrimination instead of one country having more say than all the other countries," she said, directing at the U.S. government's manipulation over the Internet regulatory agencies, and its monitoring of other countries' networks. Russia also sharply denounced the United States, saying that the U.S had "arrogated to itself" the ownership of Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). "This situation makes the international society very worried," the Russian representative said. |
| 美国在马来西亚进行监听的消息曝光后，马来西亚外交部致函美国驻马大使表示抗议。马来西亚总理纳吉布说，监听涉及国家主权及原则问题，马来西亚政府坚决反对美国对马来西亚进行任何形式的监听行动。 | After U.S. surveillance of Malaysia was exposed, Malaysia's foreign ministry sent a written protest to the U.S. ambassador to Malaysia. Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak said that the surveillance infringed upon national sovereignty and that the Malaysian government firmly opposed all forms of U.S. monitoring activities in Malaysia. |
| 九大主要国际公民自由联盟发表联合声明，认为美国联邦政府开展的秘密情报监视项目“棱镜计划”违反国际人权公约。联合声明指出“如此庞大而无孔不入的监视行为违反了隐私权和言论自由权两项最基本的人权。” | Nine major international civil liberties unions have issued a joint declaration that the U.S. federal government's secretive scrutiny program, PRISM, is a breach of international covenants on human rights. The joint declaration said, "Such vast and pervasive state surveillance violates two of the most fundamental human rights: the right to privacy and the right to freedom of expression." |
| 在美国本土，批评和抗议的声音此起彼伏。美国民权联盟官员严责美国国家安全局称，该局越权监控私人讯息，侵犯“美国人民生活的每个层面”。 | In the United States, criticism and protests arose one after another. An American Civil Liberties Union official blasted the NSA, saying the spy agency had gone far beyond judicial authorization when it monitors private communications and "virtually every aspect of the Americans' lives." |
| 有美国民权组织发表声明，对美国国家安全局如此大规模收集移动电话纪录表示抗议，对如此众多美国人的行踪遭到政府跟踪表示不安。美国公民自由联合会首席技术官克里斯·索格恩说：“在这种情形下，保护隐私权的唯一办法是切断所有现代通信手段，生活在一个山洞中。” | American civil rights organizations have issued a statement to protest against the massive collection of mobile phone data by the NSA, and have expressed anxiety that so many Americans were being tapped by the government. Chris Soghoian, principal technologist at the American Civil Liberties Union, said, "The only way to hide your location is to disconnect from all the modern communication devices and live in a cave." |
| 针对美国的全球监听行动，第68届联合国大会通过“数字时代的隐私权”决议，强调非法或任意监控、截取通信、非法搜集个人数据是对隐私权和言论 自由的侵犯。一些国家在决议通过前发言，指责美国不仅侵犯隐私权等基本人权，也违背了尊重国家主权和领土完整、不干涉内政等《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则。 | In dealing with the U.S. global surveillance, the 68th Session of the UN General Assembly passed the resolution "Privacy in the Digital Age" which stressed that illegal or arbitrary surveillance, interception of communications, and illegal collection of personal data violates the rights to privacy and freedom of expression. Some countries spoke before the resolution was passed, denouncing the United States because it not only violated the right to privacy and other basic human rights, but also violated the principles of the Charter of the United Nations on mutual respect for national sovereignty, territorial integrity and the commitment of non-interference in each other's internal affairs. |
| 美国国家安全局监控华为的行动曝光后，华为在美国的一位高管威廉·普卢默说，华为不知道自己成为美国国家安全局的目标，“讽刺的是，他们对我们所做的，恰恰是他们一直指控中国方面通过我们所做的。” | After the NSA surveillance of Huawei was exposed, William Plummer, a Huawei executive, said that the company did not know it was an NSA target. "The irony is that what they are doing to us is exactly what they have always charged against China, " he said. |
| “华盛顿正在失去其道德”，德国《焦点》周刊引述外交政策专家的评论称，“多年来美国一直以‘中国间谍和黑客攻击’为由向中国施压。而实际上， 美国自己才是窃听者。”德国新闻电视台称，美国几乎在全方位监听“整个中国”，“说到底，这是因为美国害怕中国超越自己成为世界超级大国。” | "Washington is losing its moral ground," the German magazine Focus quoted an expert on foreign policy as saying. "Over the years the United States has exerted pressure on China in the name of Chinese spies and hacker attacks. In fact, the United States itself is the true eavesdropper." The German news television said the United States was monitoring "the whole of China". "After all, it is because the United States fears China will overtake it to become the world's superpower." |
| 斯诺登表示，美国政府“宣称（监视行动）不会针对民间设施”。“棱镜”项目曝光，目的就是揭露美国政府的“伪善”。 | Snowden said the U.S. government had "declared that (surveillance) would not target civilian facilities." The purpose of exposing the PRISM program was to reveal the U.S. government's hypocrisy. |
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