2013年国民经济和社会发展计划报告(全文)
Full text: Report on China's Economic and Social Development Plan (2013)

 
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关于2012年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2013年国民经济和社会发展计划草案的报告

REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2012 PLAN FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ON THE 2013 DRAFT PLAN FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 

—— 2013年3月5日在第十二届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上

First Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress

March 5, 2013

国家发展和改革委员会

National Development and Reform Commission

目录

Contents

一、2012年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况 I. Implementation of the 2012 Plan for National Economic and Social Development
二、2013年经济社会发展的总体要求和主要目标 II. Overall Requirements and Major Objectives for Economic and Social Development in 2013
三、2013年经济社会发展的主要任务和措施 III. Major Tasks and Measures for Economic and Social Development in 2013 
各位代表: Fellow Deputies,
受国务院委托,现将2012年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2013年国民经济和社会发展计划草案提请十二届全国人大一次会议审议,并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。 The National Development and Reform Commission has been entrusted by the State Council to submit this report on the implementation of the 2012 plan and on the 2013 draft plan for national economic and social development to the First Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress (NPC) for your deliberation and approval and for comments and suggestions from members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
一、2012年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况 I. Implementation of the 2012 Plan for National Economic and Social Development
过去的一年,面对严峻复杂的国际经济形势和国内改革发展稳定的繁重任务,各地区、各部门按照党中央、国务院的决策部署,坚持以科学发展为主题,以加快转变经济发展方式为主线,按照稳中求进的工作总基调,依据十一届全国人大五次会议审议批准的国民经济和社会发展计划,认真落实中央宏观调控各项决策,保持了经济社会发展的良好态势,计划执行情况总体是好的。 Last year, in the face of severe and complicated economic situations abroad and arduous tasks of reform, development and stability at home, all localities and departments followed the decisions and plans of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the State Council, and took developing in a scientific way as the underlying guideline and accelerating the change of the growth model as the major task. In accordance with the keynote of making progress while ensuring stability and based on the plan for national economic and social development adopted at the Fifth Session of the Eleventh NPC, we implemented the central leadership's macro-control policies and maintained a good momentum in China's economic and social development. Overall, we successfully implemented the plan for 2012.
(一)经济运行总体平稳。2012年初,国内经济下行压力明显加大,中央审时度势,把稳增长放在更加重要的位置,实施一系列有针对性的措施,取得了预期效果。初步核算,国内生产总值519322亿元,增长7.8%,超过预期目标0.3个百分点。实施积极的财政政策,结构性减税力度加大,民生等重点支出得到有力保障,全国公共财政收入117210亿元,增长12.8%,财政赤字8000亿元;实施稳健的货币政策,货币信贷平稳适度增长,重点领域和薄弱环节得到较好支持,全年新增人民币贷款8.2万亿元,比上年多增7320亿元,年末广义货币供应量M2余额增长13.8%。经济运行调节继续加强,煤电油气运稳定有序供应。企业经济效益逐步好转,规模以上工业企业实现利润55578亿元,比上年增长5.3%。

1. On the whole the economy operated steadily.

Downward pressure on economic growth increased considerably in early 2012. In response the central leadership sized up the situation, gave higher priority to ensuring steady growth, adopted a number of targeted measures, and yielded the desired results. Preliminary estimates suggest China's gross domestic product (GDP) amounted to 51.9322 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.8%, and 0.3 percentage points higher than the targeted figure. We followed a proactive fiscal policy and increased structural tax reductions, thereby ensuring spending on major areas including those related to the people's wellbeing. National revenue totaled 11.721 trillion yuan, an increase of 12.8%, and the fiscal deficit was 800 billion yuan. We followed a prudent monetary policy, maintained stable, reasonable growth in the money and credit supply, and increased support for key areas and weak links. We granted 8.2 trillion yuan in RMB loans for the year, 732 billion yuan more than the previous year. At the end of 2012, the balance of broad money supply (M2) rose 13.8%. We improved regulation of economic activities, and ensured stable and orderly supplies of coal, electricity, petroleum, gas, and transport. The performance of enterprises steadily picked up, and the profits of large industrial enterprises reached 5.5578 trillion yuan, an increase of 5.3% over the previous year.

内需在稳增长中发挥了支撑作用。进一步提高居民消费能力,培育消费热点,改善消费环境,消费成为拉动经济增长的主要动力,社会消费品零售总额210307亿元,增长14.3%,超过预期目标0.3个百分点。投资稳定增长、结构继续优化,一批“十二五”规划重点项目启动实施,关系民生的基础设施建设加快,全社会固定资产投资374676亿元,增长20.3%,超过预期目标4.3个百分点,其中民间投资增长24.8%,所占比重达到61.4%,比上年提高2个百分点。最终消费、资本形成对经济增长的贡献率分别达到51.8%、50.4%。 Domestic demand played a leading role in achieving stable growth. We further enhanced people's ability to consume, cultivated new areas of high consumption, improved the consumption environment, and got consumption to be the main driving force behind economic growth. Retail sales of consumer goods totaled 21.0307 trillion yuan, an increase of 14.3%, and 0.3 percentage points higher than the target. Investment maintained stable growth, and the structure of investment was optimized. We launched a number of major projects laid out in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and accelerated development of infrastructure that has a bearing on people's lives. China's total fixed-asset investment amounted to 37.4676 trillion yuan, up 20.3%, and 4.3 percentage points higher than the target. This includes a 24.8% increase in nongovernmental investment, which accounted for 61.4% of the total fixed-asset investment, 2 percentage points higher from the previous year. Final consumption and capital formation contributed 51.8% and 50.4% to the economic growth, respectively.
(二)物价涨幅稳步回落。坚持把保持物价总水平基本稳定作为宏观调控的重要任务,加强价格综合调控监管,全年居民消费价格上涨2.6%,回落2.8个百分点,控制在目标范围内。市场供应有效保障。重要商品产运销衔接及储备吞吐、进出口调节加强,全年投放政策性粮食1850万吨。生猪市场价格调控预案得到较好落实,北方大城市冬春蔬菜储备制度不断完善,基本蔬菜品种政策性保险试点有序开展。加强市场价格和收费监管,规范学前教育收费和中小学教材、教辅材料价格,降低部分药品价格,清理整顿违规及不合理公路收费和涉企收费,有效减轻了消费者和企业负担。开展商品房明码标价、商业银行收费、涉农收费、电信资费、进出口环节收费等专项检查,推进反价格垄断执法,全年共查处价格违法案件3.78万件,实施经济制裁21.22亿元。

2. Price increases dropped steadily.

We made keeping overall price levels stable our main task in carrying out macro-control measures, and strengthened comprehensive price regulation and oversight, with the rise in consumer price index (CPI) for the year dropping 2.8 percentage points to 2.6% and being kept below the targeted figure. Adequate market supply was ensured. We strengthened coordination of the production, transportation, and sale of important commodities, as well as handling of their reserves and adjustment of their imports and exports. We released a total of 18.5 million tons of policy-supported grain for the year. We successfully implemented the contingency plan for adjusting the market price of hogs, improved the reserve system for winter and spring vegetables in major northern cities, and carried out trials of the policy-supported insurance system for basic vegetables in an orderly fashion. We tightened oversight and control on market prices and charges, regulated preschool education fees and prices of teaching and tutorial materials for primary and secondary school students, lowered drug prices, and reviewed and rectified illegal and unreasonable road tolls and fees related to enterprises, thereby effectively lightening the burden on consumers and enterprises. We inspected problems in marking of commodity housing prices, fees charged by commercial banks and telecommunication services, and fees related to agriculture and imports and exports. We pushed forward law enforcement efforts to counter price fixing. Last year, we investigated and dealt with 37,800 cases of pricing irregularities, and imposed economic penalties worth 2.122 billion yuan.

(三)农业基础地位进一步稳固。强农惠农富农政策力度继续加大。中央财政用于“三农”的支出增长18%,中央预算内投资用于“三农”建设的比重提高到50.5%,涉农信贷增长20.7%。落实最严格的耕地保护制度,耕地保有量保持在18.2亿亩以上。全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力规划全面实施,基层农技推广服务体系建设项目基本覆盖全部乡镇。大江大河大湖治理和骨干水源工程建设全面加快,大中型灌区改造与建设、大型灌排泵站更新改造、小型农田水利建设和中小河流治理加强,海洋渔船更新改造力度加大,生猪和奶牛标准化规模养殖场建设积极推进。提高小麦、稻谷最低收购价和玉米、大豆、油菜籽临时收储价格,加大棉花、食糖临时收储力度。全年粮食总产量5896亿公斤,增长3.2%,实现连续9年增产,经济作物产量稳中有增。农村生产生活条件继续改善,农村安全饮水普及率达到81%,新建和改造农村电网线路31.76万公里,新建改建农村公路19.4万公里,新增农村沼气用户180万户,改造农村危房560万户。支持建设粮食收储仓容422万吨、农产品批发市场105个和冷链物流配送能力800万吨。万村千乡市场工程继续实施,标准化农家店覆盖75%的行政村。

3. The position of agriculture as the foundation of the economy was further consolidated.

We increased policy support to strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers, and enrich rural areas. Total central government expenditures on agriculture, rural areas, and farmers increased by 18%; the proportion of investment funds from the central government budget used in this area were raised to 50.5%; and supply of credit for this purpose rose by 20.7%. We implemented the strictest possible system for protecting arable land, and kept the total area of arable land above 121.3 million hectares. We fully implemented the plan to increase China's grain production capacity by 50 million tons, and projects to develop the community-level service system for spreading agricultural technology were carried out in nearly all towns and townships. We accelerated the development of projects to harness major rivers and lakes and protect major water sources in an all-around way, and strengthened efforts to build and transform large and medium-sized irrigated areas, upgrade and retrofit large irrigation and drainage pumping stations, develop small water conservancy projects, and harness small and medium-sized rivers. We upgraded more sea fishing boats and built more large-scale standardized hog and dairy cow farms. We raised the price floors for wheat and rice, offered higher prices for corn, soybeans, and rapeseed purchased and stockpiled on a temporary basis, and increased temporary purchases and stockpiling of cotton and sugar. Total grain output increased for the ninth consecutive year and amounted to 589.6 billion kilograms, up 3.2%, and output of cash crops rose steadily. Working and living conditions in rural areas improved. We provided safe drinking water to 81% of the rural population, installed or upgraded an additional 317,600 kilometers of electric power lines in the countryside, laid or upgraded 194,000 kilometers of rural roads, made methane available to another 1.8 million rural households, and renovated dilapidated houses for 5.6 million rural households. We supported the construction of grain depots with a total capacity of 4.22 million tons, as well as the construction of 105 wholesale markets for agricultural products and cold-chain logistics facilities with a handling capacity of 8 million tons. We carried out the project on rural goods distribution to get retailers to open stores in more townships and villages, and got standardized rural stores to set up in 75% of the country's villages.

(四)经济结构调整加快。科技创新和高技术产业发展取得新成绩,出台深化科技体制改革加快国家创新体系建设的意见,颁布实施“十二五”国家战略性新兴产业发展规划,研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值比例达到1.97%。生物医药、互联网信息服务、海洋工程装备等新的增长点加速成长,高技术制造业增加值增长12.2%,高出规模以上工业增加值2.2个百分点。传统产业转型升级迈出新步伐,部分重大沿海钢铁基地和城市钢厂搬迁项目启动实施,新型干法水泥比重超过90%,企业兼并重组积极推进,淘汰落后产能工作取得新成效。服务业发展有了新进展,各类生产性和生活性服务业发展迅速,服务业增加值增长8.1%,超过预期目标0.2个百分点,继续成为吸纳就业的第一主体。基础保障能力继续增强。新建铁路投产里程5382公里,其中高速铁路2723公里;新建公路58672公里,其中高速公路9910公里;建成沿海港口万吨级以上泊位96个;新建成民用运输机场2个。大型能源基地建设继续推进,绿色矿山建设、燃煤电厂综合升级改造加快,风电、光伏发电并网装机容量分别新增1500万千瓦、300万千瓦,原煤、原油、天然气产量分别增长3.8%、2.3%、4.4%,发电量增长4.8%。

4. We speeded up adjustment to the economic structure.

Fresh progress was made in scientific and technological innovation and development of high-technology industries. We introduced guidelines on deepening reform of the management system for science and technology and accelerating development of a national innovation system, and promulgated and implemented the plan to develop strategic emerging industries in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period. Spending on R&D as a percentage of GDP reached 1.97%. New economic growth areas such as biomedicine, online information services, and ocean engineering equipment grew rapidly. Value-added of high-tech manufacturing industries grew 12.2%, 2.2 percentage points higher than the growth rate of value-added of large industries. Transformation and upgrading of traditional industries progressed further, projects to relocate some major coastal steel bases and steel mills in cities were launched, and the proportion of new dry-process cement reached over 90% of total cement output. Enterprise mergers and reorganizations continued to make progress, and fresh results were achieved in closing down outdated production facilities. We made progress in developing the service sector and quickly developed producer and consumer services. Value-added of the service sector increased 8.1%, 0.2 percentage points higher than the planned target, and this sector continued to rank first in employing people. Transportation infrastructure and energy production are now better able to meet demand. We put into operation 5,382 kilometers of new railway lines, including 2,723 kilometers of high-speed railway lines; opened 58,672 kilometers of new highways to traffic, including 9,910 kilometers of expressways; put into service 96 seaport berths for 10,000 ton-class or larger ships; and built two new civilian airports. We intensified construction of large energy production bases, and accelerated development of green mining and the comprehensive upgrading and renovation of coal-fired power plants. The installed power-generating capacity of on-grid wind power and photovoltaic power facilities increased 15 million kilowatts and 3 million kilowatts, respectively. The output of raw coal, crude oil, and natural gas rose by 3.8%, 2.3%, and 4.4% year on year, respectively. Electricity production increased by 4.8%.

区域发展协调性进一步增强。西部大开发新开工重点工程22项,投资总规模5778亿元,对口支援新疆、西藏和四省藏区工作深入开展,内陆和沿边开放继续扩大,玉树灾后恢复重建稳步推进,舟曲灾后恢复重建胜利完成。东北地区对外开放不断扩大,林区生态保护与经济转型成效显著,全国老工业基地调整改造、资源型城市与独立工矿区可持续发展统筹推进。促进中部地区崛起战略若干意见出台,“三基地、一枢纽”建设取得重大进展。中西部地区承接产业转移势头强劲。东部地区率先发展、率先转型加快,京津冀、长三角、珠三角地区发展质量明显提升,海洋经济发展试点进展顺利。主体功能区战略深入实施,中央财政对国家重点生态功能区转移支付规模增长23.7%,省级规划衔接协调工作基本完成。对革命老区、民族地区和边疆地区支持力度加大,集中连片特殊困难地区扶贫开发积极推进,易地搬迁农村贫困人口195万人,超过计划目标90万人。城镇化率达到52.57%,比预期目标高0.5个百分点。 Regional development became better balanced. Construction began on 22 more major projects for the large-scale development of the western region, with a total investment of 577.8 billion yuan. Intensive pairing assistance was provided to Xinjiang, Tibet, and Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, and Qinghai provinces; the inland and border areas were opened wider to the outside world; and the reconstruction in Yushu, Qinghai, registered steady progress, and came to a successful end in Zhugqu, Gansu. We opened northeast China wider to the outside world. We achieved notable progress in ecological conservation and economic transformation in forest regions, and made coordinated efforts to promote transformation and upgrading of old industrial bases and sustainable development of resource-dependent cities and industrial and mining areas. We introduced the guidelines on the strategy for energizing development of the central region, and made significant progress in developing three different types of production bases and a system of integrated transportation hubs in the region. The central and western regions maintained powerful momentum in receiving industries relocated to them. The eastern region picked up speed in taking the lead in development and economic transformation. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the Yangtze River and Pearl River deltas greatly improved the quality of their development. The pilot project to develop the marine economy proceeded smoothly. The functional zoning strategy was implemented thoroughly, with the central government increasing its transfer payments to national functional ecological zones of key importance by 23.7%, and with provincial-level plans being basically linked and coordinated with the national strategy. We increased support to old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, and border areas; and vigorously promoted poverty alleviation and development in contiguous areas with acute difficulties. We relocated 1.95 million impoverished rural residents from inhospitable areas, exceeding the planned target by more than 900,000. China's urbanization rate reached 52.57%, 0.5 percentage points higher than the targeted figure.

(五)节能减排和环境保护积极推进。单位国内生产总值能耗下降3.6%,降幅比上年扩大1.59个百分点,实现计划目标。节能产品惠民工程继续实施,工业、建筑、交通运输、公共机构等重点领域节能减排全面强化。鼓励循环经济发展的政策进一步完善,“城市矿产”、园区循环化改造、再制造产品推广、资源综合利用等示范试点建设加强,支持了489个循环经济和资源节约重大示范项目,建成后可形成年节水能力2.6亿吨、废物循环利用量6900多万吨。继续推进天然林资源保护、退耕还林、退牧还草、防护林体系建设、京津风沙源治理、石漠化综合治理等重点生态工程建设,全年完成造林面积601万公顷,治理退化草原582.7万公顷。修订环境空气质量标准,增加PM2.5等监测指标,并在部分地区、城市开展监测和信息发布。加快城镇污水垃圾处理设施及污水管网工程建设,新增污水日处理能力1106万吨、中水日回用能力221万吨、垃圾日处理能力9.3万吨。二氧化硫、化学需氧量、氨氮、氮氧化物排放量分别下降4.52%、3.05%、2.62%、2.77%,万元工业增加值用水量下降8%,城市污水处理率和城市生活垃圾无害化处理率分别达到84.9%和81%,均实现计划目标。应对气候变化工作扎实推进,单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放量下降5.02%,超过计划目标1.52个百分点。积极推进应对气候变化南南合作,建设性地参与国际谈判,为推动联合国气候变化多哈会议取得积极成果作出了重要贡献。

(注:M2为M右下角加2,PM2.5为PM右下角加2.5)

5. Great efforts were made to conserve energy, reduce emissions, and protect the environment.

Energy consumption per unit of GDP met the planned target by dropping 3.6%, 1.59 percentage points more than the previous year. We continued with the project to promote energy-efficient products for the benefit of the people, and comprehensively stepped up efforts to conserve energy and reduce emissions in key areas such as manufacturing, construction, transportation, and public institutions. We further improved policies for encouraging development of a circular economy. We intensified efforts to carry out pilot projects for demonstration of recovering mineral resources from city waste, upgrading industrial parks to make their operations more circular, promoting remanufacturing, and facilitating comprehensive use of resources. We supported 489 major demonstration projects to develop a circular economy and conserve resources, capable of saving 260 million tons of water and recycling over 69 million tons of waste annually. We continued to carry out key ecological projects to protect virgin forests, return farmland to forests and grazing land to grasslands, build forest shelterbelts, control the sources of dust storms affecting Beijing and Tianjin, and comprehensively deal with stony deserts. During the year, 6.01 million hectares of land were afforested and 5.827 million hectares of degraded grasslands were improved. We modified ambient air quality standards by including the monitoring of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and published relevant data in some areas and cities. We moved faster to construct urban sewage and garbage treatment facilities and sewer lines, increasing daily capacity of wastewater treatment by 11.06 million tons, recycled water production by 2.21 million tons, and garbage treatment by 93,000 tons. Sulfur dioxide emissions, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, and emissions of nitrogen oxide dropped 4.52%, 3.05%, 2.62%, and 2.77%, respectively, water consumption per 10,000 yuan of value-added of industry decreased 8%, and the percentages of urban sewage treated and urban household waste safely handled reached 84.9% and 81%, respectively, all meeting their planned targets. We made steady progress in responding to climate change. Carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP decreased 5.02%, 1.52 percentage points higher than the planned target. We energetically promoted South-South cooperation in responding to climate change, played a constructive role in international talks, and made important contributions to the positive outcomes achieved at the Doha United Nations Climate Change Conference.

(六)改革开放继续深化。深入推进重点领域和关键环节改革。国务院部门第六批取消和调整行政审批事项314项,六批累计取消和调整行政审批事项2497项,占原来总数的69.3%。坚持和完善基本经济制度,国有企业改革重组稳步展开,9家中央企业控股公司在境内外上市,建设规范董事会试点企业扩大到51家;进一步支持小型微型企业健康发展的意见发布实施,42项鼓励和引导民间投资健康发展的实施细则全部出台。加大资源性产品价格改革力度,居民阶梯电价制度、天然气价格形成机制改革试点顺利实施,可再生能源价格和水电、核电价格形成机制进一步完善。财税金融改革步伐加快,营业税改征增值税试点地区扩大到9个省(直辖市)和3个计划单列市;金融综合改革试验区设立,农村金融改革继续推进,人民币存贷款利率浮动区间增大,汇率弹性增强,在跨境贸易和投资中的使用稳步扩大。农村综合改革和集体林权制度改革取得新进展,国有林场改革试点有序推进。医药卫生体制改革成效明显,“十二五”医改规划启动实施,基本药物制度得到巩固,基层医疗卫生机构综合改革和县级公立医院改革试点积极推进,三项基本医保制度覆盖95%以上的城乡居民。文化体制机制改革创新实现新突破,全国文化系统国有文艺院团基本完成转企改制、撤销或划转任务。

6. Reform and opening up continued to deepen.

We carried forward reforms in major areas and key links. Ministries directly under the State Council eliminated or streamlined another 314 items subject to examination and approval, making this the sixth time they did this and bringing the total number of eliminated or streamlined items to 2,497, 69.3% of the total. We upheld and improved the basic economic system, and steadily carried out the reform and reorganization of state-owned enterprises. Nine companies of which central government enterprises hold the controlling interest became listed on domestic or overseas stock markets, and the pilot project for standardizing boards of directors was extended to 51 central government enterprises. We formulated and implemented the guidelines on further supporting the sound development of small and micro businesses, and introduced 42 detailed rules for implementing the guidelines on encouraging and guiding the sound development of nongovernmental investment. We intensified efforts to reform prices of resource products, progressed smoothly with trial reforms of progressive pricing for household electricity consumption and the pricing mechanism for natural gas, and further improved the pricing mechanisms for electricity generated from renewable energy sources and for hydropower and nuclear power. We accelerated reform of the fiscal, taxation, and financial systems. We extended trials to replace the imposition of business tax with value-added tax (VAT) to nine provinces and municipalities directly under the central government and three cities specially designated in the state plan. We established experimental zones for comprehensive financial reform and pushed forward rural financial reform. We expanded the floating range for interest rates on RMB deposits and loans, made the exchange rates for RMB against other currencies more flexible, and steadily widened the use of RMB in cross-border trade and investment. We achieved fresh progress in comprehensive rural reforms and the tenure reform for collective forests, and carried out the trial reform of state-owned forestry farms in an orderly manner. We obtained significant results in the reform of the medical and health care systems and launched the plan for deepening it in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period. We consolidated the system for basic drugs, and pressed ahead with the comprehensive reform of community-level medical and health care institutions and the trial reform of county-level public hospitals. The three basic medical insurance schemes have covered over 95% of the country’s urban and rural residents. We made new breakthroughs in reforming and making innovations in cultural systems and mechanisms, and basically completed the tasks of turning the nation's state-owned theatre troupes into enterprises or dissolving or merging them.

对外经济稳定发展。针对世界经济低迷、外需不振,及时出台稳定外贸增长的政策措施,外贸进出口总额增长6.2%,在国际贸易中的市场份额稳中有升。出口增长7.9%,进口增长4.3%,进出口差额2311亿美元。新的外商投资产业指导目录施行,外商投资向服务业转移的趋势更加明显。全年非金融领域实际利用外商直接投资1117亿美元,下降3.7%。企业走出去步伐加快,全年非金融类境外直接投资772亿美元,增长28.6%;对外承包工程业务完成营业额1166亿美元,增长12.7%。 Our external economy maintained steady growth. In the face of world economic stagnation and weak external demand, we promptly introduced policies and measures to stabilize and stimulate foreign trade. As a result, China's total trade volume grew 6.2%, and we maintained and expanded our market share in international trade. Exports grew 7.9%, and imports grew 4.3%, resulting in a trade surplus of $231.1 billion. The Revised Catalogue of Industries for Foreign Investment was implemented, and there was an obvious trend of foreign investment going to service industries. Non-financial foreign direct investment actually utilized in 2012 totaled $111.7 billion, down 3.7%. Chinese companies expanded their overseas presence more quickly, and last year China's non-financial outward direct investment reached $77.2 billion, up 28.6%. Receipts from overseas contracting projects amounted to $116.6 billion, an increase of 12.7%.
(七)保障和改善民生取得新成效。就业形势总体稳定,城镇新增就业1266万人,超过预期目标366万人,年末城镇登记失业率4.1%,控制在预期目标以内。居民收入较快增长,城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入分别达到24565元和7917元,剔除价格因素,实际增长9.6%和10.7%,均快于经济增速。社会保障水平进一步提高,新型农村社会养老保险和城镇居民社会养老保险制度实现全覆盖,城乡居民大病保险试点启动,新型农村合作医疗和城镇居民基本医疗保险的政府补助标准提高到每人每年240元。年末参加城镇基本养老、基本医疗、失业、工伤、生育保险人数分别为32480万人、53589万人、15225万人、18993万人、15445万人,参加新型农村社会养老保险人数达到46269万人。城乡最低生活保障制度惠及农村5340.9万人、城市2142.5万人。在继续加强房地产市场调控的同时,进一步加大对保障性住房建设的支持力度,全年基本建成城镇保障性安居工程住房601万套,新开工781万套,均超过计划目标。

7. New results were achieved in ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing.

The overall employment situation remained stable. An additional 12.66 million urban jobs were created, 3.66 million more than the targeted amount, and the urban registered unemployment rate at the end of 2012 stood at 4.1%, well below the target. Individual income increased rapidly, with urban per capita disposable income reaching 24,565 yuan and rural per capita net income reaching 7,917 yuan, up 9.6% and 10.7%, in real terms after adjusting for inflation, respectively, both higher than the economic growth rate. We further increased the level of social security benefits. We realized the full coverage of the new type of old-age insurance for rural residents and the old-age insurance system for non-working urban residents, launched the major disease insurance pilot program for rural and non-working urban residents, and increased government subsidies for the new type of rural cooperative medical care system and the basic medical insurance scheme for non-working urban residents to 240 yuan per person per year. By the end of 2012, urban population covered by basic old-age, basic medical, unemployment, worker's compensation, and maternity insurance totaled 324.8 million, 535.89 million, 152.25 million, 189.93 million, and 154.45 million, respectively, and the number of people covered by the new type of old-age insurance for rural residents reached 462.69 million. The system of subsistence allowances benefited 53.409 million rural residents and 21.425 million urban residents. While continuing to strengthen regulation of the real estate market, we further increased support for government-subsidized housing development. Last year we basically completed work on 6.01 million units of government-subsidized housing in urban areas and began construction on an additional 7.81 million units, with both numbers exceeding the planned figures.

社会事业加快发展。教育改革发展稳步推进。全年国家财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值的比例达到4%的目标。中小学校舍安全工程三年规划改造任务基本完成,边远艰苦地区农村学校教师周转宿舍建设、农村学前教育推进工程、农村义务教育学生营养改善计划试点积极推进,校车安全管理条例颁布施行,中等职业教育免学费政策覆盖所有农村学生,进城务工人员随迁子女在当地接受义务教育问题初步解决,义务教育后在当地参加升学考试的工作有序推进。九年义务教育巩固率92%,提高0.5个百分点;高中阶段教育毛入学率85%,提高1个百分点;普通高等学校招生688.8万人,研究生59万人,均实现计划目标。医疗卫生服务能力有效提升。城乡基层医疗卫生服务体系进一步健全,农村急救体系、重大疾病防治、县级卫生监督机构、儿童医疗服务体系建设加快,医疗服务、药品监管、医疗保障、公共卫生和综合管理的信息互联互通逐步实现,全科医生培养工作继续加强。每千人口医院和卫生院床位数3.73张,增长6.6%。公共文化服务体系日益完善。继续推进广播电视盲村覆盖,支持少数民族新闻出版能力、地市级公共文化服务设施以及国家文化和自然遗产保护设施建设。西新工程第五期建设方案启动实施,博物馆、图书馆、文化馆(站)全面实现免费开放。文化产业体系继续完善,整体规模和实力不断壮大。旅游基础设施建设规划和红色旅游二期建设方案颁布施行,全年旅游总收入2.59万亿元,增长15.2%。各类公共体育场地超过100万个。人口自然增长率4.95‰,实现计划目标。 Social programs developed faster than before. Steady progress was made in promoting education reform and development. In 2012, government spending on education reached the target of 4% of GDP, and the three-year safety renovation program for primary and secondary school buildings was basically completed. We continued to build dormitories for teachers at rural schools in remote areas and areas with harsh conditions, promote rural preschool education, and carry out the pilot project to improve nutrition for rural students receiving compulsory education. We promulgated and implemented the regulations on ensuring school bus safety. The tuition exemption policy for secondary vocational education was extended to cover all rural students. We basically solved the problem of ensuring children of rural migrant workers have access to compulsory education in cities where they live, and worked in an orderly manner to help these children take part in local high school and college entrance examinations. The retention rate of nine-year compulsory education was 92%, up 0.5 percentage points over the previous year, the gross enrollment ratio for senior secondary education reached 85%, up 1 percentage point, and regular undergraduate and graduate enrollment totaled 6.888 million and 590,000, respectively, all meeting the targets. We improved our ability to provide medical and health care services. The community-level medical and health care service system was further improved in urban and rural areas. We accelerated development of the emergency medical service system in rural areas, the prevention and control system for major diseases, health oversight institutions at the county level, and the children's medical service system. We gradually tied in information about medical services, drug oversight, medical insurance, public health, and overall medical management. Training of general practitioners was intensified. Hospitals and health clinics provided 3.73 beds per 1,000 people, up 6.6% year on year. The public cultural services system continued to improve. We continued to extend radio and television coverage to villages. We supported ethnic minorities' capacity building in the press and publishing, and also supported development of prefecture-level facilities for public cultural services and facilities for preserving national cultural and natural heritage sites. We started implementing the fifth phase of the Tibet-Xinjiang Project to extend radio coverage in the western region. Museums, libraries, and cultural centers were opened to the public free of charge. The culture industry system further improved, and the culture industry as a whole grew in both scale and strength. We promulgated and implemented the plan for improving tourism infrastructure and the plan for carrying out the second phase of the project to develop tourist sites related to the early history of the CPC. Annual income from tourism totaled 2.59 trillion yuan, an increase of 15.2% over the previous year. Public sports venues of all kinds exceeded one million. The natural population growth rate, which met the target, was 4.95‰.
一年来,党中央、国务院团结带领全国各族人民,深入贯彻落实科学发展观,加快转变经济发展方式,正确处理保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理通胀预期的关系,克服各种困难和不利影响,国民经济呈现增速企稳、结构优化、物价稳定、民生改善的良好态势。成绩来之不易。这是党中央、国务院统揽全局、科学决策的结果,是各地区、各部门密切配合、扎实工作的结果,是全国各族人民团结一心、奋力拼搏的结果。 Over the past year, the Central Committee of the Party and the State Council united with and led the people of all ethnic groups in China in implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development; accelerating the change of the growth model; correctly handling the relationships between ensuring steady and rapid economic development, adjusting the economic structure, and managing inflation expectations; and overcoming various difficulties and adverse effects. The national economy showed a good momentum of stabilized growth, improved structure, stable prices, and improved people's lives. These hard won achievements can be attributed to the broad vision and scientific policymaking of the Central Committee of the Party and the State Council, to the close cooperation and solid work of all regions and departments, and to the unity and hard work of the people of all ethnic groups in China.
与此同时,我们清醒地认识到,我国发展仍面临不少风险和挑战。国际金融危机深层次影响继续显现,世界经济增长乏力,潜在通胀压力加大,发达经济体财政金融风险居高不下,国际贸易投资保护主义进一步强化。国内发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续问题依然突出,有些还相当尖锐。一是经济企稳回升的基础尚不稳固。消费内生增长动力不足,企业投资能力和意愿有所下降,外需短期内难有大的起色。二是部分企业生产经营还比较困难。要素成本上升和创新能力不足的问题并存,企业营利能力减弱,规模以上工业企业亏损面比上年扩大2.2个百分点,小型微型企业的困难更为严重。三是产能过剩问题突出。传统制造业产能普遍过剩,高消耗、高排放行业尤为明显,一些新兴产业也存在盲目发展现象,严重影响企业效益和行业竞争力的提升。四是稳定发展农业生产和促进农民增收难度加大。耕地、淡水等资源支撑绷得较紧,农业基础设施薄弱,农民务农务工收入增速都可能有所放慢。此外,经济增速放缓和企业困难对就业的滞后影响可能陆续显现,财政收支矛盾突出,金融领域存在潜在风险,生态环境形势严峻,部分城市房价面临反弹压力,各种浪费现象相当严重,在征地拆迁、安全生产、食品安全、收入分配等方面也存在不少影响社会和谐稳定的因素。对上述问题我们一定高度重视,切实采取措施,认真加以解决。

At the same time, we are keenly aware that China still faces many risks and challenges in its development.

The world financial crisis is continuing to have a profound effect, the global economy is growing sluggishly, latent inflationary pressure is on the increase, developed economies are subject to high fiscal and financial risks, and protectionism in international trade and investment has intensified.

Domestically, unbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable development remains a serious problem, and is very acute in some areas.

First, the foundation for economic turnaround is not firm. Consumption is unable to provide a very strong impetus to economic growth, enterprises are less able and willing to invest, and external demand will not change for the better in the near future.

Second, some enterprises have difficulties with their production and operations. The rising cost of factors of production and weak innovation capabilities have caused a profit squeeze among enterprises. The proportion of loss-making large industrial enterprises has increased by 2.2 percentage points over the previous year, and the difficulties of small and micro businesses have been even more severe.

Third, overcapacity is a serious problem. Traditional manufacturing industries, especially those that are energy intensive and have high emissions, are plagued by overcapacity, and some emerging industries are undergoing haphazard development, thus making it difficult to improve enterprises' performance and industrial competitiveness.

Fourth, it has become harder to promote steady growth of agricultural production and increase rural income. Arable land, fresh water, and other natural resources are highly strained, agricultural infrastructure is weak, and increases in rural residents' income from both agricultural and nonagricultural work may slow down. In addition, slowing economic growth and enterprises' difficulties will continue to affect employment over time. The imbalance between government revenue and expenditures is serious. Latent risks exist in the financial sector. The need to protect the ecological environment is pressing. Some cities are under pressure for housing prices to rebound. The problem of various kinds of wastefulness is staggering. Many issues concerning land expropriation, housing demolition, workplace safety, food safety, and income distribution have quite an impact on social harmony and stability.

We must take these problems very seriously and adopt measures to solve them.

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