2014年国民经济和社会发展计划报告(全文)
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Report on China's economic, social development plan (2014)

 
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三、2014年经济社会发展的主要任务 III. Major Tasks for Economic and Social Development in 2014
今年要着力抓好9方面工作。 This year we will do our work well in the following nine areas:
(一)全面深化改革扩大开放。(1)行政体制改革。进一步取消和下放行政审批事项,建立行政审批事项目录清单制度并向社会公开。加快建立纵横联动协同管理机制,改进政府监管方式。继续推进工商登记制度由先证后照改为先照后证。推进公务用车制度改革。开展行业协会商会与行政机关脱钩试点。(2)国有企业改革。准确界定不同国有企业功能,推进自然垄断行业改革。鼓励非公有制企业参与国有企业改革,积极发展混合所有制经济。完善国有资产管理体制。(3)财税体制改革。推进政府和部门预算决算公开,提高一般性转移支付比例,减少专项转移支付项目。完善国有资本经营预算,提高中央企业国有资本收益上缴公共财政比例。调整消费税征收范围、环节和税率,推动煤炭资源税改革。研究逐步理顺中央和地方事权。(4)金融体制改革。建立存款保险制度,稳步推进政策性金融机构改革、民间资本发起设立中小型银行等金融机构,健全金融机构风险处置机制。推动股票发行制度改革。推进利率市场化。促进互联网金融健康发展。完善汇率市场化形成机制,扩大人民币跨境使用,推进资本项目可兑换。(5)资源性产品等价格改革。适时调整风电上网电价,开展输配电价改革试点,完善煤电价格联动机制和抽水蓄能电价机制。适时调整非居民用存量天然气门站价格。建立健全居民用水用气阶梯价格制度。提高主要污染物排污费标准和部分水利工程供水价格。完善铁路运价机制。(6)投资体制改革。加快出台政府投资条例。修订企业投资、外商投资、境外投资核准管理办法。改进审批方式,简化审批内容,优化审批流程,提高服务效率和透明度。实施铁路投融资体制改革。(7)农村体制改革。慎重稳妥进行农村土地制度改革试点,抓紧土地承包经营权及农村集体建设用地使用权确权登记颁证工作。有序推进承包地经营权流转,发展多种形式适度规模经营。完善征地制度,切实保障农民公平分享土地增值收益。健全农业社会化服务体系,扩大农业生产全程社会化服务试点范围。完善集体林权制度改革,推进国有林场和国有林区改革。继续开展国有农场办社会职能改革。(8)社会事业改革创新。推进职业教育、考试招生等改革,鼓励社会力量兴办教育。扩大公立医院综合改革试点,巩固完善基本药物制度和基层医疗卫生机构运行新机制。推动文化企业跨地区、跨行业、跨所有制兼并重组,允许社会资本以控股形式参与国有影视制作机构、文艺院团改制经营。推进养老服务业综合改革试点。结合社会事业改革,放开一批服务价格和收费。同时,扎实推进国家综合配套改革试点。

1. Comprehensively deepen reform and expand opening up

1) Reform of the administrative system. We will abolish or delegate to lower-level governments more items requiring central government review and approval, and set up a system for listing all items for which government review and approval must be retained and release the list to the public. We will move faster to establish a mechanism of coordinating management between government bodies at both the same and different levels and improve methods of government supervision. We will continue promoting the industrial and commercial registration system in which the practice of issuing an operating permit before a license is replaced with the practice of license first, operating permit second. We will carry out reform of the system for the use of official cars. We will conduct trials to separate industry associations and chambers of commerce from administrative bodies.

2) SOE reform. We will correctly define the functions of different SOEs and reform natural monopoly industries. We will encourage non-public businesses to take part in SOE reform and vigorously develop mixed-ownership structures. We will improve the system for managing state-owned assets.

3) Reform of the fiscal and tax systems. We will take further steps to release the budgets and final accounts of governments and departments, increase the proportion of general transfer payments, and reduce special transfer payments. We will improve budgets for state capital operations and raise the proportion of profits from state capital operations central government enterprises should turn over to public finance. We will adjust the scope of, links to and rates of excise tax collection and reform the resource tax on coal. We will study how to properly share power between the central and local governments in a step-by-step manner.

4) Reform of the financial system. We will put in place a deposit insurance system, take steady steps to advance the reform of policy-based financial institutions and encourage the establishment of small and medium-sized private banks and other financial institutions, and improve the risk disposal mechanism for financial institutions. We will promote reform of the stock issuance system. We will further deregulate interest rates. We will promote the healthy development of Internet banking. We will try harder to form a market-based exchange rate mechanism, expand cross-border use of the RMB, and promote the RMB's convertibility under capital accounts.

5) Pricing reform of resource products. We will adjust the prices of on-grid wind power in good time, carry out price reforms of electricity transmission and distribution on a trial basis, and improve the mechanism for coupling the prices of coal to those of electricity and the mechanism for pricing electricity generated by pumped-storage plants. We will make timely adjustments to city gate prices for non-household natural gas equivalent to the amount used in 2012. We will establish a sound system of tiered pricing for household consumption of water and natural gas. We will raise fees for the discharge of major pollutants and the prices of water supplied to some water conservancy projects. We will improve the mechanism for setting rail fares.

6) Reform of the investment system. We will move faster to introduce regulations on government investment. We will revise the methods for reviewing and approving items to be funded by domestic enterprises and foreign capital as well as outbound investment projects. We will improve the way in which review and approval work is carried out, and simplify the process to make it more efficient and transparent. We will carry out the reform of the investment and financing systems for the railway industry.

7) Reform of rural systems. We will prudently carry out the trial reform of the rural land system, and quickly determine, register and certify contracted rural land-use rights and use rights of collective land for construction purposes. We will promote the transfer of contracted rural land-use rights in an orderly manner, and develop multiple forms of larger-scale operations. We will improve the land expropriation system and safeguard farmers' fair share of value added to land. We will improve the system of commercial agricultural services and expand the trials to provide commercial services for the whole process of agricultural production. We will improve reform of the collective forest tenure system and advance reform of state-owned forestry farms and areas. We will continue with the reform to relieve state-owned farms of social services.

8) Reform of and innovations in social programs. We will advance reforms in vocational education and in examination and enrollment, and encourage nongovernmental investment in education. We will expand the comprehensive trial reform of public hospitals, and consolidate and improve the system of using basic medicines and the new operating mechanisms of community-level medical and health care institutions. We will encourage cultural enterprises' acquisitions and reorganizations across regions, industries and forms of ownership, and allow nongovernmental capital to hold controlling shares in state-owned film and television studios and theatre troupes to transform them into businesses. We will press ahead with the trials to comprehensively reform services for the elderly. We will lift control of some service prices and charges in the process of reforming social programs. In addition, we will steadily push forward national integrated reforms on a trial basis.

深入实施互利共赢开放战略,提升开放层次和水平。(1)优化进出口结构。巩固传统出口优势,发挥大型成套装备对关联行业和服务出口的带动作用,加大信用保险、贸易融资等支持力度。引导加工贸易转型升级。妥善应对贸易摩擦。增加国内短缺的技术、资源、产品进口。积极发展服务贸易。(2)放宽外商投资市场准入。深化外商投资管理体制改革,探索对外商投资实行准入前国民待遇加负面清单的管理模式。加快金融、教育、文化、医疗等服务业领域有序开放。推进中国上海自由贸易试验区先行先试。完善外资安全审查制度。2014年非金融类外商直接投资预期达到1217亿美元,增长3.5%。(3)支持符合条件的企业加快走出去。完善境外投资支持政策,改革和简化外汇管理,有效利用外汇储备支持境外投资,深化境外能源资源、农业开发合作与投资,引导优势产业走出去。2014年非金融类境外直接投资预期达到992亿美元,增长10%。(4)强化多边双边及区域经济合作。扩展内陆沿边开放,统筹推进内陆地区国际大通道建设。积极推进丝绸之路经济带、21世纪海上丝绸之路建设,推动孟中印缅经济走廊、中巴经济走廊建设,加强与周边国家基础设施互联互通。继续推进中韩、中澳等双边重点自贸区谈判和区域全面经济伙伴关系。

We will vigorously implement the win-win strategy of opening up and raise our level of opening to the outside world.

1) Improving the import and export makeup. We will consolidate our traditional advantages in export; get the export of large equipment sets to stimulate the export of interrelated industries and services; and give exports greater support in credit insurance and financing. We will guide the upgrading of the processing trade. We will appropriately handle trade frictions. We will increase the import of technologies, resources, and products in short supply domestically. We will energetically promote trade in services.

2) Relaxing controls over market access for foreign investment. We will deepen reform of the system for managing foreign investment and explore ways to provide it with pre-establishment national treatment together with negative list management. We will move faster to open banking, education, culture, medical care and other services to foreign investment in an orderly way. We will encourage the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone to lead the way and explore new paths in reform. We will improve the security review system for businesses involving foreign capital. Non-financial foreign direct investment is expected to reach $121.7 billion in 2014, up 3.5%.

3) Supporting capable Chinese enterprises in going global more quickly. We will improve policies supporting outbound investment, reform and simplify foreign exchange controls, efficiently utilize foreign exchange reserves to support outbound investment, deepen outbound cooperation and investment in energy and resources and agricultural development, and guide advantageous industries to do business globally. China's non-financial outbound direct investment will amount to $99.2 billion in 2014, an increase of 10%.

4) Strengthening bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation. We will open China's inland and border areas wider to the outside world, and holistically push forward the building of major international thoroughfares in the interior region of the country. We will work vigorously to build the Silk Road Economic Belt, the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor and the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, and strengthen infrastructure connectivity with neighboring countries. We will carry on with negotiations on establishing key bilateral free trade zones with the Republic of Korea and Australia and on entering into regional comprehensive economic partnerships.

(二)着力扩大内需。充分发掘消费潜力。2014年社会消费品零售总额预期增长14.5%。(1)增强居民消费能力。合理调整国民收入分配格局,抓紧出台深化收入分配制度改革实施细则,努力增加城乡居民特别是低收入群体收入。(2)大力培育和发展新的消费热点。实施“宽带中国”战略,支持第四代移动通信网络建设和业务发展,推广“三网融合”,开展电子商务示范城市建设,扩大物联网应用,促进信息消费。继续实施节能产品惠民工程,推动节能环保和再生产品消费。支持社会力量举办养老和健康服务机构,积极发展养老、健康等服务消费。出台推进文化创意和设计服务与相关产业融合发展以及促进旅游消费的指导意见,进一步落实带薪休假制度,推动文化、旅游、体育等消费健康发展。(3)优化消费环境。完善城乡流通网络,加快发展城市共同配送和农村配送,促进快递服务与网络零售协同发展。建立健全最严格的食品药品监管制度,推进食品安全放心工程,突出抓好婴幼儿配方乳粉、肉制品等重点行业综合整治。大力整顿和规范市场秩序,依法严厉打击制售假冒伪劣产品、价格欺诈等不法行为。建立健全社会征信体系,推进信用信息共建共享。

2. Strive to expand domestic demand

We will fully tap domestic consumption potential. Total retail sales of consumer goods are expected to grow by 14.5% in 2014.

1) Enhancing people's ability to consume. We will properly adjust the distribution of national income, act promptly to formulate rules for deepening reform of the income distribution system, and strive to increase both urban and rural incomes, especially the income of low-income groups.

2) Energetically cultivating and developing new areas of intense consumption. We will implement China' s broadband strategy, support efforts to build 4G mobile communications networks and develop 4G businesses, and advance the delivery of telecommunications, radio and television, and Internet access over a single broadband connection. We will promote the development of e-commerce demonstration cities, expand the use of the Internet of Things, and stimulate information consumption. We will continue with the project to promote energy-efficient products beneficial to the people, and boost consumption of products which are energy efficient and environmentally friendly and which can be recycled. We will support nongovernmental initiatives to establish facilities providing services for the elderly and health services and vigorously boost consumption in these two areas. We will formulate guidelines on integrating the development of cultural creation and design services with that of relevant industries as well as on promoting tourism consumption, better enforce paid vacations, and promote sound development of consumption in cultural activities, tourism and sports.

3) Improving the consumption environment. We will strengthen both urban and rural circulation networks, accelerate the development of joint distribution channels in cities and delivery services in rural areas, and coordinate development of express delivery services and online retailing. We will put in place viable systems to supervise and control food and drugs as strictly as possible, carry out food safety programs, and give high priority to comprehensively improving food safety in key industries such as that of infant formula and meat products. We will improve and maintain market order and crack down on the production and sale of counterfeit and shoddy goods, price fraud, and other illegal behavior in accordance with the law. We will establish a sound social credit system and ensure that credibility information is commonly built and shared.

促进投资稳定增长和结构优化。2014年全社会固定资产投资预期增长17.5%,中央预算内投资拟安排4576亿元。(1)释放民间投资潜力。抓好民间投资36条及实施细则的落实工作。抓紧清理和修订有关民间投资的行政法规、部门规章及规范性文件,制定清晰透明、公平公正、操作性强的市场准入规则。尽快在金融、石油、电力、铁路、电信、资源开发、公用事业等领域,向民间资本推出一批符合产业导向、有利于转型升级的项目,发挥示范带动效应。(2)优化政府投资结构。抓紧逐步退出用于一般竞争性企业项目投资,适当减少可利用社会资金的经营性基础设施投资,压缩小型分散投资,停止建设楼堂馆所等投资,重点支持全局性、基础性、战略性的重大项目,集中力量办大事。中央预算内投资主要投向保障性住房及配套设施和棚户区改造,新增千亿斤粮食工程和农村民生,水利、中西部铁路等重大基础设施,节能减排和环境治理,重大核心关键技术开发应用等自主创新和转型升级工程,教育、医疗、社会养老、食品药品安全等社会事业和社会管理,少数民族、边疆地区发展等领域。(3)抓好重点项目。在“十二五”规划《纲要》实施中期评估的基础上,加快实施“十二五”规划明确的重点建设任务,扎实推进在建项目建设。积极推动项目前期工作,充实重大项目储备。

We will promote stable growth and structural improvement of investment. Total fixed-asset investment is projected to grow by 17.5% in 2014, 457.6 billion yuan of which will be allocated from the central budget.

1) Unleashing the potential of private investment. We will earnestly implement the Guidelines on Encouraging and Guiding the Sound Development of Private Investment. We will act promptly to review and revise administrative regulations, department regulations and normative documents on private investment; and work out market access rules that are clear and transparent, fair and equitable, and practicable. We will soon recommend a number of projects in banking, petroleum, electricity, railway, telecommunications, resources exploitation and public utilities which fall within our industry guidance and which are beneficial to industrial transformation and upgrading to guide and drive private investment.

2) Improving the structure of government investment. We will soon phase out investment in general competitive businesses in a progressive manner, properly reduce investment in for-profit infrastructural projects that can be funded by nongovernmental capital, reduce small, scattered investments, and halt funding for construction of Party and government office buildings and other facilities to free up resources for major projects that are of overall, fundamental and strategic importance. Investment from the central government budget will mainly go toward building of government-subsidized housing and its supporting infrastructure as well as rebuilding of rundown areas; the project to increase national grain production capacity by 50 million metric tons and improve rural livelihood; development of irrigation works, railways in the central and western regions and other major infrastructure; energy conservation, emissions reduction and environmental improvement; innovation and industrial upgrading projects such as those to develop and utilize major, core and key technologies; social programs and social management efforts such as education, medical care, old-age services, and food and drug safety; and development of ethnic minority and border areas.

3) Accomplishing major projects. On the basis of our intermediate assessment of the implementation of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan (2011-2015), we will move faster in carrying out the key tasks set forth in it and make steady progress in ongoing projects. We will work vigorously to prepare well for implementation of projects and build up reserve of major projects.

(三)促进农业稳定发展。(1)保持主要农产品生产稳定发展。加快实施全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力规划,着力建设区域化、规模化、集中连片的商品粮生产基地。加快农业科技创新和推广,提高单产水平。加快发展现代种业和农业机械化。支持新疆优质棉生产基地建设。继续实施全国蔬菜产业发展规划,推进生猪、奶牛、肉牛、肉羊标准化规模养殖,加强动物疫病防控。支持渔政渔港建设和海洋渔船更新改造。推进农产品质量安全检验检测体系建设。2014年预期粮食总产量5.5亿吨以上。(2)完善和强化农业支持保护制度。中央预算内投资继续向“三农”倾斜。小麦、稻谷最低收购价平均每50公斤分别提高6元和3.7元。继续执行玉米、油菜籽、食糖临时收储制度。启动东北和内蒙古大豆、新疆棉花目标价格补贴试点。扩大农业补贴资金规模,新增补贴向粮食等重要农产品、新型农业经营主体、主产区倾斜。在有条件的地方,开展按实际粮食播种面积或产量对生产者补贴试点,提高补贴精准性、指向性。完善政策性农业保险制度。增加对商品粮大省和粮油猪生产大县的奖励补助,扶持牛羊肉生产,完善粮食主产区利益补偿机制。(3)加强农业农村基础设施建设。实施全国高标准农田建设总体规划,加强骨干水源、引调水工程、大型灌区等重点水利建设,抓好江河治理和病险水库水闸除险加固,推进防洪抗旱等防灾减灾体系建设。编制农业环境突出问题治理总体规划,加强耕地重金属污染、地下水严重超采区治理,加大农业面源污染防治力度。继续推进农村饮水安全工程、农村电网升级改造和县乡村公路建设,优化发展农村沼气,实施农村危房改造,加快农村电信基础设施建设。

3. Promote steady agricultural growth

1) Steadily developing main agricultural products. We will more quickly implement the plan to increase China' s grain production capacity by 50 million metric tons, and build up regional and large-scale commercial grain production centers in contiguous areas. We will speed up innovation in and promotion of agricultural science and technology and increase yield per unit area. We will quicken the development of modern seed industry and agriculture mechanization. We will support Xinjiang in its efforts to become a quality cotton-producing center. We will continue to implement the national plan for developing the vegetable industry, and standardize large-scale breeding operations of hogs, dairy cattle, beef cattle and sheep raised for meat. We will strengthen prevention and control of animal epidemics. We will support the development of fishery administration and the building of fishing ports as well as the renovation of sea fishing boats. We will continue to build a system for inspecting and testing the quality and safety of agricultural products. Total grain output is projected to top 550 million metric tons in 2014.

2) Improving and strengthening the systems to support and protect agriculture. Investment from the central government budget will continue to favor agriculture, rural areas and farmers. The minimum purchase prices of wheat and rice will be raised by 6 yuan and 3.7 yuan per 50 kilograms, respectively. We will continue to implement the system of purchasing and stockpiling corn, canola seeds and sugar on an ad hoc basis. We will launch trials of guaranteed base prices for soybeans produced in northeast China and Inner Mongolia and cotton in Xinjiang. We will scale up funds for agricultural subsidies, and devote more of the added subsidy to the production of grain and other important agricultural products, new types of agricultural businesses, and major agricultural regions. Where conditions allow, we will carry out trial subsidy programs based on the actual area sown to grain or grain output, and use subsidies in a more precise and targeted way. We will improve the policy-based agricultural insurance system. We will increase rewards and subsidies to main commercial grain-producing provinces and major counties that produce grain, edible oil or pigs, support beef and mutton production, and improve the mechanism for subsidizing major grain-producing areas.

3) Strengthening agricultural and rural infrastructure development. We will implement the national master plan for building high-grade farmland, and strengthen construction of major water conservancy projects to protect key water sources, divert water, and develop large irrigated areas. We will harness rivers and reinforce reservoirs and sluices of theirs in disrepair, and build up the system for resisting floods, combating drought, and preventing and mitigating other disasters. We will formulate a general plan to control serious agricultural environmental pollution, intensify the treatment of heavy metal pollution in farmland and severe over-abstractions of groundwater, and work harder to prevent and control pollution from non-point agricultural sources. We will make drinking water safe in more rural areas, upgrade and renovate rural power grids, and build roads in counties, townships and villages. We will improve and develop biogas, rebuild rundown houses, and speed up telecommunications infrastructure development in the countryside.

(四)积极稳妥推进新型城镇化。2014年全国常住人口和户籍人口城镇化率预期分别达到54.6%和37.1%。(1)有序推进农业转移人口市民化。统筹制定户籍、土地、资金、住房、基本公共服务等方面配套政策,促进有能力在城镇稳定就业和生活的常住人口有序实现市民化。研究破解城市内部二元结构的对策措施。推进城乡基本公共服务均等化。(2)优化城镇化布局和形态。国家编制实施重点城市群发展规划,各地因地制宜编制和实施本地区新型城镇化规划,促进大中小城市和小城镇协调发展。规范新城新区发展。(3)提高城市可持续发展能力。强化城市产业就业支撑,建立多元可持续的资金保障机制,加强市政公用设施和公共服务设施建设,提高对人口集聚和服务的支撑能力。(4)完善城镇化体制机制。围绕建立农业转移人口市民化成本分担、多元化城镇建设投融资等机制,在不同区域开展不同层级、不同类型的试点,加快形成有利于城镇化健康发展的制度环境。

4. Work hard to steadily carry out a new type of urbanization

In 2014, 54.6% of China' s total population will be permanent urban residents, and 37.1%, urban residents with household registration. (more)

1) Granting urban residency to rural people who have moved to cities in an orderly manner. We will holistically develop support policies concerning household registration, land, capital, housing and basic public services and grant urban residency in an orderly way to permanent urban residents who are able to have stable jobs and live in urban areas. We will work out measures to narrow disparity within cities. We will promote the equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas.

2) Improving the structure and form of urbanization. The state will formulate and implement a plan for developing major city clusters, while localities will work out and implement plans for a new type of urbanization in light of the conditions of their respective regions, in order to develop cities of all sizes and small towns in a coordinated manner. We will develop new cities and districts in accordance with rules and procedures.

3) Making the development of cities more sustainable. We will get industries and employment to better sustain the development of cities, and provide better urban utilities and public service facilities to sustain greater population concentrations and provide better services.

4) Improving the institutions and mechanisms of urbanization. To foster an institutional environment conducive to the sound development of urbanization more quickly, we will carry out trial programs of different types in different regions and at different levels to establish a number of systems and mechanisms. These include a mechanism for sharing the costs of granting urban residency to rural people who have moved to cities and a diversified investment and financing mechanism for urban development.

(五)加强价格调控监管。(1)保障供给。合理把握粮、油、棉花、食糖、猪肉、化肥等收储投放力度、时机和节奏。实施好北方大城市冬春蔬菜储备制度。加快粮棉等大宗农产品仓储物流设施建设,积极发展农产品冷链物流,推进农产品批发市场升级改造。落实好“米袋子”省长负责制、“菜篮子”市长负责制。(2)完善价格调控机制。认真执行生猪等价格调控预案,继续开展生猪价格政策性保险试点。扩大基本蔬菜品种价格政策性保险试点,建立蔬菜价格稳定长效机制。巩固和完善价格调节基金制度。推动重要商品和服务价格指数体系建设。(3)加强价格监管。开展教育、医疗、银行等行业价格收费检查。清理取消违规收费项目。加大反价格垄断工作力度。(4)健全物价补贴联动机制。完善并及时启动社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制,缓解物价上涨对困难群众生活的影响。

5. Strengthen price regulation and controls

1) Guaranteeing supplies. We will properly manage the scale, timing and pace of purchasing, stockpiling and selling grains, edible oils, cotton, sugar, pork and chemical fertilizers. We will implement well the reserve system for winter and spring vegetables in major northern cities. We will speed up the building of storage and logistic infrastructure for grains, cotton and other staple agricultural products, vigorously develop cold chain logistics for agricultural products, and promote the renovation and upgrading of wholesale agricultural product markets. We will fully implement the system of provincial governors assuming responsibility for the "rice bag" (grain supply) and city mayors for the "vegetable basket" (non-staple food supply).

2) Improving the price control mechanism. We will earnestly implement the contingency plan for controlling the prices of hogs and continue with trial programs of policy-based insurance for these prices. We will scale up the trial program of policy-based insurance for the prices of basic vegetables, and establish a long-term mechanism to keep vegetable prices stable. We will consolidate and improve the system of price adjustment funds. We will build a price index system for main commodities and services.

3) Strengthening price regulation. We will inspect prices and charges in education, medical care, banking and other sectors. We will clear up and abolish charges that violate regulations. We will work harder to rid monopoly pricing.

4) Improving the mechanism coupling subsidies with prices. We will improve and activate in a timely manner the mechanism to increase social assistance and social security benefits when prices rise to alleviate the impact higher prices have on those in need.

(六)促进产业结构优化升级。(1)推动重点产业布局调整优化。出台关于重点产业布局调整和产业转移的指导意见,优化沿海、沿边和内陆地区产业布局,推动城市高污染企业环保搬迁。促进产业集聚集约发展,推动工业园区和产业集群转型升级。(2)着力化解产能严重过剩矛盾。坚决遏制新增违规产能,多策并举优化存量产能。加快建立和完善以市场为主导的化解产能严重过剩矛盾长效机制。提高并严格执行能耗、环保和安全等行业准入标准,清理各种优惠政策,加快淘汰落后产能。对电解铝、水泥等行业实行阶梯电价政策。(3)深入实施创新驱动发展战略。2014年研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值比例预期达到2.17%。加快科技体制改革。加大政府对基础研究、前沿技术、社会公益技术、重大共性关键技术的投入。加快国家科技重大专项的实施及成果应用。完善国家自主创新示范区先行先试政策,落实企业技术创新普惠政策,启动实施创新企业百强工程。深入推进重大科技基础设施和知识创新工程建设,在新一代信息技术、环保等重点产业建设一批国家工程中心和工程实验室。大力发展战略性新兴产业,出台支持云计算、民用空间基础设施发展的政策规划,组织实施重大产业创新发展工程和应用示范工程,推进北斗导航等自主技术产业化。深入实施新兴产业创投计划,整合设立国家新兴产业创业投资引导基金。加快发展集成电路、下一代互联网、移动互联网、物联网等产业,加强宽带和网络安全基础设施建设,推动智慧城市建设,全面实施信息惠民工程。(4)加强基础产业。推进铁路特别是中西部地区铁路建设,引导城市轨道交通有序发展,加快推进国家高速公路“断头路”、普通国道瓶颈路段和集中连片特困地区农村公路建设,加快长江等内河高等级航道建设,优化沿海港口布局,有序推进民航基础设施建设。合理控制能源消费总量,改善能源结构,鼓励发展风能、太阳能,开工一批水电、核电项目,加强天然气、煤层气、页岩气勘探开采与应用。(5)加快发展服务业。出台加快发展生产性服务业促进产业结构调整升级的指导意见。继续推进国家服务业综合改革试点和示范区建设。积极发展研发设计、现代物流、金融租赁、节能环保服务、检验检测等重点行业。出台物流业发展中长期规划,开展物流园区示范。2014年服务业增加值预期增长8.3%。

6. Improve and upgrade the industrial structure

1) Adjusting and improving the distribution of key industries. We will issue guidelines on adjusting the distribution of and relocating key industries, improve the industrial distribution in coastal, border and inland areas, and relocate high-polluting enterprises in cities to minimize their environmental impact. We will promote clustering and intensive development of industries and advance the transformation and upgrading of industrial parks and clusters.

2) Working hard to address the serious problem of overcapacity. We will firmly prohibit the addition of production capacity that breaches regulations, and make optimal use of existing production capacity by various means. We will step up the establishment and improvement of a permanent, market-based mechanism to address the serious problem of overcapacity. We will raise and strictly implement industry entry standards concerning energy consumption, environmental protection and workplace safety and abolish preferential policies to phase out outdated production capacity more quickly. We will implement a tiered electricity pricing policy for industries, such as those that produce electrolytic aluminum and cement.

3) Fully implementing the strategy of innovation-driven development. We project R&D spending to account for 2.17% of GDP in 2014. We will accelerate reform of the science and technology management system. We will increase government spending on basic research and research on cutting-edge technologies, technologies for the public good and key standard technologies. We will move faster to carry out major national scientific and technological projects and apply their advances to production. We will improve the policy that encourages national innovation demonstration zones to play their path-finding role. We will apply wide-reaching policies to encourage business innovation and start to create 100 innovative businesses. We will build up key scientific and technological infrastructure and advance knowledge innovation projects, and build a number of national engineering centers and laboratories for next-generation information technology, environmental protection and other key industries. We will vigorously develop strategic emerging industries. We will set forth policies and plans supporting development of cloud computing and civil space infrastructure, organize the implementation of innovation development and application demonstration projects in key industries, and promote industrial application of the Beidou Navigation Satellite System and other technologies developed by China. We will fully implement the venture capital plan for emerging industries, and integrate resources to set up pilot funds for investment in emerging industries in China. We will accelerate the growth of integrated circuits, the next-generation Internet, the mobile Internet, and the Internet of Things; strengthen the country's infrastructure for broadband and Internet security; build smart cities; and fully implement information technology projects beneficial to the people.

4) Strengthening basic industries. We will build railways, especially in the central and western regions, and guide urban rail transport to develop in an orderly way. We will move faster to extend incomplete national expressways, complete bottleneck sections of national highways, and build rural roads in contiguous areas with acute difficulties. We will speed up the building of high-grade waterways along the Yangtze and other rivers, upgrade the distribution of coastal ports, and promote the orderly development of civil aviation infrastructure. We will reasonably control total energy consumption, improve the energy mix, and encourage the development of wind and solar power, and start construction of a number of hydropower and nuclear power projects. We will strengthen exploration, exploitation and utilization of natural gas, coal seam gas and shale gas.

5) Accelerating the growth of the service industry. We will issue guidelines on speeding up the development of producer services to promote the adjustment and upgrading of the industrial structure. We will continue to carry out national trials for comprehensively reforming the service trade and establish demonstration zones for developing service businesses. We will vigorously develop key industries such as R&D, modern logistics, financial leasing, energy conservation and environmental protection services, and inspection and testing services. We will put forward a mid-to-long-term development plan for the logistics industry, and build demonstration logistics parks. The value-added of the service sector is expected to grow by 8.3% in 2014.

(七)构建各具特色、协调联动的区域发展格局。(1)继续深入实施区域发展总体战略。加快制定优先推进西部大开发的政策性文件,进一步加强基础设施建设,大力发展特色优势产业,启动实施新一轮退耕还林,扩大退牧还草范围。出台全面振兴东北地区等老工业基地若干意见,统筹推进全国老工业基地、城区老工业区更新改造和资源型城市、独立工矿区转型发展。全面落实中部崛起战略,深入推进“三基地、一枢纽”建设,加快中西部地区承接产业转移示范区和产业园区建设。推进东部地区率先发展,支持前海、南沙、横琴、平潭等重大平台建设,继续推进海洋经济发展试点。(2)加快培育新的经济支撑带。依托长江建设中国经济新支撑带,推进长三角地区经济一体化,深化泛珠三角区域经济合作,支持长江中游城市群一体化发展,促进中原经济区加快发展,深化东北四省区合作。深入推进京津冀地区协同发展,加快环渤海地区转型升级。推动云南、广西等地向南亚、东南亚开放,支持西北地区向西开放。(3)增强欠发达地区发展能力。支持西藏、新疆和四省藏区等跨越式发展,落实扶持革命老区振兴发展的规划和政策,继续实施以工代赈和易地扶贫搬迁规划,支持集中连片特殊困难地区发展,加大对口支援力度。今年再减少农村贫困人口1000万人以上。(4)加快落实主体功能区制度。完善财政、投资、产业、土地、环境等配套政策和政绩考核评价体系,推动省级主体功能区规划发布实施,开展主体功能区建设试点示范。

7. Ensure the development of each region has its own features and coordinates with the development of others

1) Continuing to fully implement the overall strategy for developing different regions. We will step up the formulation of a policy document that prioritizes the large-scale development of the western region, further strengthen infrastructure development, vigorously develop industries that can take advantage of local strengths, and launch a new round of efforts aimed at returning even more marginal farmland to forests and grazing land to grassland. We will issue guidelines on fully revitalizing the Northeast and other old industrial bases. We will holistically upgrade and renovate old industrial bases across the country and old industrial districts in cities, and transform and develop resource-dependent cities and independent industrial and mining areas. We will fully carry out the strategy to promote the rise of the central region; make the region an integrated transport hub and a center for producing grain, energy and raw materials and developing modern equipment manufacturing and new- and high-technology industries; and accelerate development of demonstration zones for industries relocated from the eastern region and industrial parks in the central and western regions. We will encourage the eastern region to develop first; support the building of major platforms such as Qianhai, Nansha, Hengqin and Pingtan; and continue with pilot programs to develop the marine economy.

2) Developing new economic support zones at a faster pace. We will build new economic support zones along the Yangtze River, promote economic integration in the Yangtze River Delta, deepen cooperation in the pan-Pearl River Delta, and support the integrated development of city clusters along the middle reaches of the Yangtze. We will promote faster growth of the Central Plains Economic Zone, and deepen cooperation between Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces and Inner Mongolia. We will coordinate development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and speed up the transformation and upgrading of the Bohai Sea region. We will encourage Yunnan and Guangxi to open to South Asia and Southeast Asia, and support northwestern China in westward opening up.

3) Making underdeveloped regions better able to develop. We will support the leapfrogging of Tibet and Xinjiang, and Tibetan ethnic areas in the provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai. We will implement policies and programs supporting the revitalization of old revolutionary base areas, continue to implement the plan to help the poor by providing work-relief and relocating those in poverty-stricken areas, support the development of contiguous areas with acute difficulties, and give more pairing assistance to underdeveloped localities. This year, we will lift more than ten million people out of poverty.

4) Speeding up implementation of the functional zoning system. We will improve fiscal, investment, industrial, land, environmental and other support policies and the evaluation system for functional zoning. We will urge provincial-level administrative areas to issue and implement their functional zoning plans. We will launch functional zoning demonstrations.

(八)扎实推进生态文明建设。(1)强化制度保障。研究制定加快推进生态文明建设的意见和加强应对气候变化工作的政策性文件。开展生态文明先行示范。建立健全生态补偿机制。完善污染者付费和矿产资源开发补偿制度、生态环保责任追究制度、环境损害赔偿制度。建立生态红线管控制度、企业环境信用评价制度。(2)强力推进节能减排。强化节能减排目标责任制和问责制,实行能源消费总量和能耗强度“双控”考核。实施节能减排重点工程,加强工业、建筑、交通和公共机构等重点领域节能减排和监管,深入开展万家企业节能低碳行动,加快重点用能单位能耗在线监测系统建设。启动实施“能效领跑者”制度,在政府投资的公益性建筑和2万平方米以上公共建筑强制执行绿色建筑标准。落实加快发展节能环保产业的意见。推进节能减排科技专项行动。持续开展节能减排全民行动。(3)大力发展循环经济。落实循环经济战略及近期行动计划。开展循环经济示范城市(县)建设,深化园区循环化改造,加快再生资源回收利用产业化。继续开展国家“城市矿产”示范基地、餐厨废弃物资源化利用和无害化处理试点,实施第二批资源综合利用“双百工程”,推进粮棉主产区秸秆综合利用。整顿矿业开发秩序,发展绿色矿业。开展海水淡化试点示范。(4)狠抓环境治理和生态建设。加大大气污染防治行动计划实施力度,以细颗粒物(PM2.5)和可吸入颗粒物(PM10)治理为突破口,以京津冀、长三角、珠三角等地区为重点加强区域联防联控,完善鼓励脱硫、脱硝、除尘改造以及炼油企业升级改造的经济政策。继续推进重点流域和区域水环境综合整治,制定实施清洁水行动计划。加强土壤污染治理。加快城镇污水、垃圾处理设施等工程建设。开展森林草原资源保护和建设,推进京津风沙源、岩溶石漠化、黄土高原、青藏高原等重点区域综合治理。全面推行清洁生产。(5)做好应对气候变化各项工作。深入推进低碳省区和低碳城市、低碳工业园区、低碳社区等试点示范,研究建立全国碳排放权交易市场,建立温室气体统计核算体系,加强应对气候变化能力建设。落实国家适应气候变化战略。建设性参与气候变化国际谈判,继续开展应对气候变化国际交流与务实合作。

8. Effectively promote ecological advancement

1) Intensifying institutional guarantees. We will introduce guidelines on speeding up ecological advancement and a policy document on better responding to climate change. We will carry out demonstrations for promoting ecological advancement. We will establish a sound mechanism for compensating for ecological damage. We will improve the system under which polluters pay for the pollution they cause and mineral exploiters compensate for their exploitation of mineral resources, and the system for holding responsible parties accountable for environmental damage and having them compensate for the damage they cause. We will enforce ecological red lines and an environmental credibility assessment system for enterprises.

2) Working hard to conserve energy and reduce emissions. We will intensify the responsibility and accountability system for meeting energy conservation and emissions reduction targets, and conduct assessments to control energy consumption and intensity. We will carry out key projects for conserving energy and reducing emissions; intensify efforts to conserve energy, reduce emissions, and enhance oversight in key areas such as industry, construction, transportation, and public institutions; launch an intensive campaign to get more than 10,000 enterprises to save energy and lower carbon emissions; and move faster to establish an online system to monitor energy consumption by major energy consumers. We will start implementing the top-runner system for energy efficiency and forcibly impose green building standards on the construction of buildings for public welfare and public buildings of 20,000 square meters or more. We will implement guidelines on accelerating development of the energy conservation and environmental protection industries. We will push forward the special science and technology action for energy conservation and emissions reduction. We will continue to get everyone to save energy and reduce emissions.

3) Energetically developing the circular economy. We will implement the Strategy and Near-term Action Plan for Developing the Circular Economy. We will build circular economy demonstration cities and counties, upgrade industrial parks to make their operations more circular, and more quickly make the recycling of renewable resources an industry. We will proceed with the trials of developing national demonstration centers for recovering mineral resources from urban waste and of recovering resources from kitchen waste and handling it safely, implement the project to develop the second group of 100 demonstration centers and 100 key enterprises that make comprehensive use of resources, and comprehensively utilize crop stalks in major areas that produce grain or cotton. We will bring order to mining and make it green. We will carry out pilot projects and demonstrations for seawater desalination.

4) Striving to improve the environment and ecosystem. We will intensify the implementation of the Action Plan for Preventing and Controlling Air Pollution, start by reducing PM10 and PM2.5 emissions, and strengthen coordination of air pollution prevention and control efforts with the focus on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta. We will improve economic policies for upgrading refineries and refurbishing coal furnaces to ensure that flue gas is desulfurized, denitrified and dust free. We will continue to comprehensively improve the water environment in key water basins and areas, and formulate and implement a clean water action plan. We will strengthen control of soil pollution. We will speed up the development of urban sewage and garbage treatment facilities. We will protect and develop forest and grassland resources, and work to comprehensively control the sources of dust storms affecting Beijing and Tianjin, prevent karst areas from becoming stony deserts and improve the ecology of the Loess Plateau, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and other major regions. We will comprehensively practice cleaner production.

5) Responding to climate change by all possible means. We will thoroughly carry out pilot programs and demonstrations to encourage low carbon growth in provinces, regions, cities, industrial parks, and communities. We will research ways to establish a national market for the trading of carbon emission rights and a statistical accounting system for greenhouse gas emissions, and become better able to respond to climate change. We will implement the national strategy for adjusting to climate change. We will take a constructive part in international negotiations on climate change and continue to engage in international exchanges and pragmatic cooperation on responding to climate change.

(九)切实做好保障和改善民生工作。(1)实施更加积极的就业政策。完善促进就业税收扶持政策,落实促进高校毕业生就业创业的各项政策,做好未就业毕业生的就业服务。加强对就业困难人员的帮扶,抓好化解产能过剩中出现的下岗再就业工作。强化农民工职业技能培训和公共就业服务。加强基层就业服务能力建设。(2)统筹推进城乡社会保障体系建设。建立统一的城乡居民基本养老保险制度,提高企业退休人员基本养老金水平。加快城乡居民基本医疗保险制度整合,提高医保待遇水平,推进城乡居民大病保险和异地就医即时结算。完善城乡低保制度,全面建立临时救助制度。加强社会保障公共服务能力建设。(3)加快发展社会事业。推进义务教育均衡发展,改善贫困地区义务教育薄弱学校基本办学条件,推进进城务工人员子女平等接受教育,继续提高重点高校招收农村学生比例。加快构建以就业为导向的现代职业教育体系。2014年,普通高等学校计划招生698万人,研究生招生80.2万人,其中全日制研究生招生63.2万人。加强城乡医疗和公共卫生服务体系建设,健全突发公共卫生事件应急和重大疾病防控机制,支持社会资本办医疗机构。推进实施单独两孩政策,提升人口和计划生育服务能力。实施好中国妇女儿童发展纲要和国家贫困地区儿童发展规划。加强残疾人康复和托养设施建设。继续实施文化惠民工程,加快新闻出版、广播电视、文学艺术等公共文化事业和文化产业发展,加强文化自然遗产保护利用。繁荣和发展哲学社会科学。改善旅游基础设施条件,积极发展红色旅游。建立健全全民健身公共服务体系。(4)做好住房保障和房地产市场调控工作。坚持分类指导、分步实施、分级负责,加快解决中低收入群众基本住房问题。继续开展城镇保障性住房建设、棚户区改造和农村危房改造,加大配套基础设施建设的支持力度,推进廉租房和公租房并轨运行,加强分配和运营维护等后续管理。落实好房地产市场调控政策,推动建立房地产市场健康发展长效机制。(5)创新社会治理和公共服务。整合基层公共服务资源,健全基层综合服务管理平台,推进政府公开透明向社会力量购买服务,坚决纠正损害群众利益的行为。

9. Ensure and improve people's wellbeing

1) Implementing a more active employment policy. We will improve tax policies that support employment, implement all policies aimed at helping college graduates find jobs or start their own businesses, and provide good employment services to unemployed graduates. We will give stronger support for those experiencing employment difficulties, and work to reemploy those who lost their jobs due to the phasing-out of excess production capacity. We will strengthen vocational skills training and public employment services for rural migrant workers. We will become better able to provide community employment services.

2) Holistically developing the social security systems for both urban and rural residents. We will establish a unified basic old-age insurance system for rural and non-working urban residents, and raise the basic pensions for enterprise retirees. We will accelerate integration of the basic medical insurance systems for rural and non-working urban residents, increase medical insurance benefits, promote major disease insurance for rural and non-working urban residents, and make it possible for on-the-spot settlement of medical expenses wherever they are incurred. We will improve the subsistence allowance system for both urban and rural residents, and comprehensively establish a temporary assistance system. We will become better able to provide public services related to social security.

3) Developing social programs more quickly. We will promote the balanced development of compulsory education; improve the basic operating conditions of poorly built and run schools providing compulsory education in poor areas; give the children of rural migrant workers in cities the same access to education as local urban children; and continue to raise the proportion of rural students enrolled in key institutions of higher education. We will accelerate the establishment of an employment-oriented modern vocational education system. In 2014, plans call for enrolling 6.98 million undergraduate students and 802,000 graduate students in regular institutions of higher learning, including 632,000 full-time graduate students. We will strengthen the medical and public health services systems in urban and rural areas, improve the mechanism for responding to public health emergencies and preventing and controlling major diseases, and support nongovernmental capital in the running of medical institutions. We will promote the policy of allowing couples to have two children if either parent is an only child, and become better able to provide population and family planning services. We will implement the China Program for the Development of Women and Children and the National Plan for the Development of Children in Poor Areas. We will improve rehabilitation and nursing care facilities for people with disabilities. We will continue to implement cultural projects that benefit the people, quicken development of public cultural undertakings including the press and publishing, radio and television, and literature and art as well as the culture industry, and better preserve and make use of our cultural and natural heritages. We will promote the flourishing of philosophy and the social sciences. We will improve tourism infrastructure and actively develop tourism related to the early history of the CPC. We will improve the public service system for promoting national fitness.

4) Guaranteeing adequate housing and regulating the real estate market to a suitable degree. We will adhere to the principle of providing tailor-made guidance, progressing step by step and holding each level of government responsible for their decisions, and quickly solve the housing problem for people in the low-to-middle income levels. We will continue to construct government-subsidized housing in cities and towns; renovate rundown urban areas and rural homes; increase support for building supporting infrastructure; combine the operations of the parallel systems of low-priced rental housing and public rental housing into one; and strengthen the follow-up management of distribution and operational maintenance. We will implement policies for regulating the real estate market, and promote the establishment of a permanent mechanism for the healthy development of the real estate market.

5) Making innovations in social governance and public services. We will reorganize community public service resources; improve the platform for managing comprehensive community services; and promote the government's open and transparent procurement of social services. We will resolutely correct all actions harmful to people's interests.

继续深化内地与港澳更紧密经贸关系,加快推进内地对港澳服务贸易自由化进程。落实中央支持香港经济发展、加强内地与香港经济合作的有关政策措施,促进香港经济发展和民生改善。支持澳门建设世界旅游休闲中心,以横琴开发建设为契机,推动澳门经济适度多元发展。推进两岸经济关系制度化进程,加快完成海峡两岸经济合作框架协议后续商谈,进一步提高两岸经贸和产业合作水平。 We will continue to implement the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement between the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao, and accelerate the liberalization of trade in services with the two regions. We will implement the central leadership's policies and measures for supporting Hong Kong's economic development and strengthening economic cooperation with Hong Kong to boost economic development and improve people's wellbeing in Hong Kong. We will support Macao in becoming a world center of tourism and leisure and in using the development of Hengqin as a pivot to diversify its economy. We will promote the institutionalization of the economic relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits, quickly complete the follow-up talks on the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement across the Straits, and improve the level of economic, trade and industrial cooperation between the mainland and Taiwan.
各位代表,做好2014年经济社会发展各项工作,任务艰巨,责任重大。我们要更加紧密地团结在以习近平同志为总书记的党中央周围,高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导,自觉接受全国人大的监督,虚心听取全国政协的意见和建议,坚定信心,振奋精神,开拓创新,攻坚克难,促进经济持续健康发展和社会和谐稳定。(注:文中PM2.5为PM右下角加2.5,PM10为PM右下角加10)

Fellow Deputies,

Accomplishing all the work for economic and social development in 2014 is an arduous task and a great responsibility. We will unite even closer around the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary, hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, take Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development as our guide, willingly accept the oversight of the NPC, and seek comments and suggestions from the CPPCC National Committee with an open mind. We will fortify our confidence, bestir ourselves, blaze new trails with a pioneering spirit, and surmount difficulties as we promote sustainable, sound economic development and social harmony and stability.

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