2014年国民经济和社会发展计划报告（全文）
Full text: Report on China's economic, social development plan (2014)

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2014年3月5日上午，第十二届全国人民代表大会第二次会议在人民大会堂开幕。[中国网郑亮摄]
The second session of China's 12th National People's Congress (NPC) opens at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, March 5, 2014. [Zheng Liang/China.org.cn]

关于2013年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2014年国民经济和社会发展计划草案的报告	REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2013 PLAN FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ON THE 2014 DRAFT PLAN FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
——2014年3月5日在第十二届全国人民代表大会第二次会议上	Second Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress March 5, 2014
国家发展和改革委员会	National Development and Reform Commission
目录	Contents
一、2013年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况	I. Implementation of the 2013 Plan for National Economic and Social Development
二、2014年经济社会发展的总体要求、主要目标和政策取向	II. General Requirements and Major Targets and Policies for Economic and Social Development in 2014
三、2014年经济社会发展的主要任务	III. Major Tasks for Economic and Social Development in 2014
各位代表：	Fellow Deputies,
受国务院委托，现将2013年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2014年国民经济和社会发展计划草案提请十二届全国人大二次会议审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。	The National Development and Reform Commission has been entrusted by the State Council to submit this report on the implementation of the 2013 plan and on the 2014 draft plan for national economic and social development to the Second Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress (NPC) for your deliberation and for comments from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
一、2013年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况	I. Implementation of the 2013 Plan for National Economic and Social Development
2013年，面对错综复杂的国内外形势，各地区、各部门按照党中央、国务院的决策部署，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，坚持统筹稳增长、调结构、促改革，坚持宏观政策要稳、微观政策要活、社会政策要托底的有机统一，依据十二届全国人大一次会议审议批准的国民经济和社会发展计划，扎实做好各方面工作，经济社会发展实现了良好开局，计划执行情况总体是好的。	In the face of the complex domestic and international situations in 2013, all regions and government departments adhered to the general work guideline of making progress while maintaining stability; to the policy of maintaining stable growth, making structural adjustments and advancing reform; and to the requirement that our macro policies be stable, micro policies be flexible and social policies meet people's basic needs in accordance with the policies and plans of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the State Council. They did all their work well on the basis of the Plan for National Economic and Social Development approved at the First Session of the Twelfth NPC. As a result, economic and social development got off to a good start and overall implementation of the plan was good.
（一）经济运行处于合理区间。保持政策定力，创新调控思路和调控方式，经济社会发展稳中有进、稳中向好。	1. The economy performed within a proper range. We did not waver on our policy. We created new ideas and methods of control. As a result, economic and social development progressed and improved steadily.
一是经济运行总体平稳。初步核算，国内生产总值56.88万亿元，增长7.7%，完成预期目标。全国公共财政收入12.91万亿元，增长10.1%，财政赤字1.2万亿元。全年新增人民币贷款8.89万亿元，年末广义货币供应量（M2）增长13.6%。规模以上工业企业实现利润6.28万亿元，比上年增长12.2%。重点领域、重要时段煤电油气运需求得到较好保障。	First, the economy as a whole was stable. Preliminary assessments indicate that China's GDP reached 56.88 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.7% over the previous year and in full accord with the targeted figure. China's government revenue increased by 10.1% to 12.91 trillion yuan and the deficit was 1.2 trillion yuan. RMB loans for the year increased by 8.89 trillion yuan. At year' s end, the broad money supply (M2) rose 13.6%. Profits of industrial enterprises with annual revenue of 20 million yuan or more from their main business operations reached 6.28 trillion yuan, an increase of 12.2% over the previous year. Demand for coal, electricity, petroleum, gas, and transport was satisfactorily met in critical areas and at important times.
二是内需继续成为增长主动力。社会消费品零售总额23.78万亿元，增长13.1%，一些新的消费模式和消费领域表现出巨大活力，电子商务市场交易额超过10万亿元，增长25%以上。全社会固定资产投资44.71万亿元，增长19.3%。民间投资增长23.1%，占固定资产投资（不含农户）比重达到63%，比上年提高1.8个百分点。内需对经济增长的贡献率达到104.4%。	Second, domestic demand continued to be the main driving force of growth. Retail sales of consumer goods totaled 23.78 trillion yuan, an increase of 13.1%. A number of new forms and areas of consumption were very vigorous, and the value of e-commerce transactions exceeded ten trillion yuan, an increase of more than 25%. China's total investment in fixed assets amounted to 44.71 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.3%. Private investment increased by 23.1% and accounted for 63% of the investment in fixed assets (excluding investment by rural households), 1.8 percentage points higher than the previous year. The contribution of domestic demand to economic growth reached 104.4%.
三是物价总水平基本稳定。全年居民消费价格上涨2.6%，控制在预期目标范围内。重要商品的收储、投放和进出口调节工作有序开展。生猪、蔬菜市场价格政策性保险试点积极推进。价格收费检查和反价格垄断执法力度加大，全年共查处价格违法案件3.44万起，实施经济制裁31.25亿元。	Third, overall price levels were basically stable. Consumer prices for the year rose 2.6%, within the targeted range. The work of purchasing, storing and releasing important commodities and of adjusting their imports and exports proceeded in good order. Trials of a policy-based insurance system for the market prices of hogs and vegetables were energetically carried out. We intensified inspection of prices and fees and law enforcement against monopolistic pricing, and handled 34,400 cases of pricing violations for the year and assessed fines totaling 3.125 billion yuan.
（二）结构调整取得新进展。突出重点，有扶有控，着力提质增效升级，为经济发展增添后劲。	2. Progress was made in structural adjustment. We stressed priorities, supported some areas while restricting others, and strove to raise the quality and returns of development and promote industrial upgrading in order to enhance the sustainability of economic development.
一是产业结构调整稳步推进。技术创新和培育新兴产业成效显著。研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值比例达到2.09%，完成预期目标。嫦娥三号探测器、神舟十号载人飞船、蛟龙号载人深潜器等重大创新成果举世瞩目。节能环保、新一代信息技术、新能源、高端装备制造、新材料等战略性新兴产业发展加快，第四代移动通信开始大规模商用。高技术制造业增加值增长11.8%，比规模以上工业增加值增速高2.1个百分点。传统产业改造升级加快，化解产能过剩矛盾力度加大。下发了坚决遏制产能严重过剩行业盲目扩张的通知，出台了化解产能严重过剩矛盾的指导意见和配套政策措施，着力化解钢铁、水泥、电解铝、平板玻璃、船舶等行业产能严重过剩矛盾。服务业发展环境优化。出台了促进信息消费、养老服务业、健康服务业发展等政策意见和全国物流园区发展规划，继续推进服务业综合改革试点，服务业增加值增长8.3%，占国内生产总值比重达到46.1%，首次超过第二产业。基础产业加快发展。新建铁路投产里程5586公里，其中高速铁路1672公里；新建公路里程7.03万公里，其中高速公路8260公里；建成万吨级以上泊位110个；新增民航通航机场10个。能源生产保持稳定，原煤、原油、天然气产量分别增长0.8%、1.8%和9.4%，能源结构进一步优化，非化石能源占一次能源消费比重9.8%，比上年提高0.4个百分点。	First, industrial structural adjustment proceeded steadily. Significant achievements were made in technological innovations and fostering emerging industries. R&D expenses accounted for 2.09% of GDP, hitting the targeted figure. The lunar lander Chang-e 3, the Shenzhou-10 manned spacecraft, the deep-sea manned submersible Jiaolong and other major innovative achievements captured the world's attention. Strategic emerging industries developed quickly, such as energy conservation and environmental protection, next-generation information technology, new energy, high-end equipment manufacturing, and new materials; and we began to put the 4G mobile communications system to commercial operation on a large scale. Value added of high-tech manufacturing industries grew by 11.8%, 2.1 percentage points higher than in industrial enterprises with annual revenue of 20 million yuan or more from their main business operations. We moved faster to transform and update traditional industries and worked harder to solve the problem of excess production capacity. We issued a notice to keep industries with a serious problem of overcapacity from expanding blindly. We issued guidelines and accompanying policies and measures for solving the serious problem of excess production capacity, and put great effort into resolving the problem of overcapacity in the steel, cement, electrolytic aluminum, plate glass and shipbuilding industries. We optimized the environment for developing the service sector. We issued policies and guidelines to spur the development of information consumption, elderly services and health services, issued a plan for developing a nationwide network of logistics parks, and continued to carry out comprehensive trial reforms in the service sector. Value added of the service sector increased by 8.3%, and it accounted for 46.1% of GDP, surpassing secondary industry for the first time. Basic industry developed quickly. There were 5,586 kilometers of new railway lines put into operation, of which 1,672 kilometers were high-speed lines. There were 70,300 kilometers of new highways put into service, of which 8,260 kilometers were expressways. We also put into service 110 berths for 10,000-ton class or larger ships and added ten new civilian airports. Power generation was stable, and the output of raw coal, crude oil and natural gas rose by 0.8%, 1.8% and 9.4%, respectively. The mix of energy sources was further improved, and energy generated from non-fossil fuels accounted for 9.8% of primary energy consumption, an increase of 0.4 percentage points over the previous year.
二是城乡发展一体化有序推进。认真落实强农惠农富农政策，中央预算内投资用于“三农”建设的比重超过一半。农业综合生产能力增强，粮食总产量达到6.02亿吨，实现“十连增”，肉蛋奶、果菜鱼等农产品供应稳定。农业科技进步贡献率达到55.2%，比上年提高0.7个百分点。农村安全饮水普及率提高到88.5%，新建和改造农村电网线路21.1万公里，新建改建农村公路21万公里，新增农村沼气用户80万户，改造农村危房266万户。支持建设粮食收储仓容440万吨、农产品批发市场114个。中央对积极稳妥推进新型城镇化作出全面部署，国家新型城镇化规划编制基本完成。常住人口城镇化率为53.73%，比上年提高1.16个百分点。	Second, the integration of urban and rural development proceeded in an orderly fashion. We conscientiously implemented the policy of boosting agriculture, benefiting farmers and increasing rural prosperity, and more than half of the central government budget allocated for investment was spent on agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Overall agricultural production capacity increased, and total grain production reached 602 million metric tons, the tenth consecutive year of growth. The supply of meat, eggs, milk, fruits, vegetables and fish was stable. Advances in agricultural science and technology contributed 55.2% to agricultural development, a rise of 0.7 percentage points over the previous year. The percentage of the rural population with access to safe drinking water reached 88.5%; 211,000 kilometers of rural power lines and 210,000 kilometers of rural roads were either built or upgraded; 800,000 rural households began using methane gas; and 2.66 million dilapidated rural homes were renovated. Grain silos with a capacity of 4.4 million metric tons and 114 wholesale markets for agricultural products were built. The central government made comprehensive arrangements for actively and prudently carrying out a new type of urbanization, and the state plan for new urbanization was basically completed. A total of 53.73% of the population in China were permanent urban residents, an increase of 1.16 percentage points over the previous year.
三是区域发展协调性增强。西部地区交通、水利、能源等重大基础设施建设得到加强，新开工重点工程20项，投资总规模3265亿元，内陆沿边地区开发开放步伐加快。东北地区等老工业基地振兴战略深入推进，城区老工业区搬迁改造试点、独立工矿区改造搬迁工程试点启动实施，全国老工业基地调整改造规划、资源型城市可持续发展规划出台。中部地区长江中游城市群、中原经济区发展的集聚效应进一步显现，承接产业转移示范区建设进展顺利。东部地区产业转型升级加快，海洋经济发展试点有序推进。主体功能区规划深入实施。区域合作和对口支援顺利推进，对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区和贫困地区的支持继续加大，集中连片特殊困难地区区域发展与扶贫攻坚规划顺利实施。玉树灾后恢复重建任务全面完成，四川芦山和甘肃岷县漳县地震灾后恢复重建进展顺利。	Third, development in different regions became better balanced. In the western region, construction on transportation, water conservancy, energy and other major infrastructure projects was strengthened; construction began on 20 key projects, with a total investment of 326.5 billion yuan; and the pace of development and opening up of inland and border areas was accelerated. We deepened the execution of the strategy to invigorate northeast China and other old industrial bases, launched pilot programs to relocate and upgrade old urban industrial areas as well as independent industrial and mining areas, and introduced the Plan for Transforming and Upgrading Old Industrial Bases Nationwide and the Plan for Sustainable Development of Resource-Dependent Cities. In central China, the city clusters gathered in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Central Plains Economic Zone are having a greater magnet effect, and construction on demonstration zones posed to carry on relocated industries proceeded smoothly. In the eastern region, industrial transformation and upgrading picked up speed and the pilot project to develop the marine economy proceeded in an orderly way. The plan to develop functional zones was implemented thoroughly. Smooth progress was made in cooperation between regions and pairing assistance. We continued to increase support to old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas. We smoothly carried out the plan for development and poverty alleviation in contiguous areas with acute difficulties. Post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction efforts in Yushu were brought to closure and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction efforts in Lushan, Sichuan Province, and Min and Zhang counties, Gansu Province, registered steady progress.
四是节能减排和环境保护步伐加快。国家适应气候变化战略、循环经济发展战略及近期行动计划、加快发展节能环保产业的意见发布实施，大气污染防治行动计划颁布施行。重点领域和重点企业节能减排积极推进，重点流域和区域水环境综合治理扎实开展。天然林资源保护、京津风沙源治理、石漠化治理、退耕还林、退牧还草等生态建设深入推进，完成造林面积609万公顷。资源节约利用和环境保护各项指标基本实现：单位国内生产总值能耗和二氧化碳排放量分别下降3.7%和4.36%，二氧化硫、化学需氧量、氨氮、氮氧化物排放量分别下降3.48%、2.93%、3.14%、4.72%，万元工业增加值用水量下降5.7%，城市污水处理率和城市生活垃圾无害化处理率分别达到87.9%和85.8%。积极建设性参与应对气候变化国际谈判和交流合作。	Fourth, efforts were accelerated to conserve energy, reduce emissions and protect the environment. We issued and implemented the National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change, the Strategy and Near-term Action Plan for Developing the Circular Economy, the Guidelines on Accelerating Development of Energy-Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Industries, and the Action Plan for Preventing and Controlling Air Pollution. We worked to conserve energy and reduce emissions in key areas and enterprises and made steady progress in comprehensively improving the water environment in key watersheds and areas. We pushed ahead with ecological projects to protect virgin forests, control the sources of dust storms affecting Beijing and Tianjin, prevent the spread of stony deserts, and return marginal farmland to forests and grazing land to grasslands, and afforested 6.09 million hectares of land. Targets of energy conservation and environmental protection were basically attained: energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP dropped 3.7% and 4.36%, respectively; emissions of sulfur dioxide, chemical oxygen demand, ammoniacal nitrogen, and nitrogen oxides dropped 3.48%, 2.93%, 3.14%, and 4.72%, respectively; water consumption per 10,000 yuan of value-added by industry decreased 5.7%; and the percentages of urban sewage treated and urban household waste safely handled reached 87.9% and 85.8%, respectively. We played an active and constructive part in international talks and communication and cooperation on responding to climate change.
（三）改革开放力度加大。经济体制改革全面推进，为稳增长和调结构创造良好体制机制环境。	3. Reform and opening up were intensified. We comprehensively advanced economic structural reform and created sound systems and mechanisms for maintaining stable growth and carrying out structural adjustments.
一是行政体制改革成效明显。国务院机构改革顺利进行，行政审批制度改革深入开展，取消和下放416项行政审批等事项，出台了严格控制新设行政许可的措施。政府向社会力量购买服务的指导意见发布实施。公司注册资本登记制度改革加快推进。不动产统一登记制度开始建立。	First, we obtained significant results in reforming administrative systems. We smoothly advanced institutional reform of the State Council, thoroughly reformed the system of government review and approval, eliminated or delegated 416 items that required review and approval, and implemented strict measures to control the issuance of new administrative permits for items. We unveiled and implemented the guidelines on government purchase of social services. We accelerated reform of the registration system for registered capital. Initial steps were taken to establish a registration system for immovable property.
二是财税金融改革深入推进。交通运输业和部分现代服务业营改增试点在全国推开，全年减轻企业税负超过1400亿元。提高小微企业增值税和营业税起征点，600多万户企业受益。贷款利率管制全面放开。中小企业股份转让系统试点扩大至全国。信贷资产证券化试点扩大。新股发行体制改革、加强中小投资者权益保护等指导意见出台。创新了企业债券品种和审批方式。	Second, we deepened reform of the fiscal, tax, and financial systems. A pilot project was carried out across the country to replace business tax with VAT in the transportation industry and some modern service industries. We reduced the tax burden of businesses by more than 140 billion yuan for the year. We raised VAT and business tax thresholds for small and micro businesses, benefiting more than six million businesses. We lifted controls on interest rates on all loans. The trial for implementing the National Equities and Exchange Quotations was extended to all parts of the country. Trials of securitizing credit assets were expanded. We introduced guidelines on reforming IPO and better protecting the rights and interests of small and medium-sized investors. We created new corporate bonds as well as new review and approval methods.
三是投资体制改革取得积极进展。重新修订政府核准的投资项目目录，需报中央管理层面核准的企业投资项目减少60%。改进中央预算内投资补助贴息管理办法，下放了31类点多面广量大单项资金少的中央预算内投资补助贴息项目安排权。铁路投融资体制改革深入推进。对民间投资36条及42项实施细则落实情况进行了第三方评估，鼓励民间投资健康发展的政策措施进一步落实和完善。	Third, we made positive progress in reforming the investment system. We revised the list of investment projects requiring government examination and approval and reduced the investment projects subject to central government examination and approval by 60%. We improved management of subsidies and discounts for investments from the central government budget, and delegated the authority to grant subsidies and discounts for 31 types of such investment projects that cover a wide range of areas, are large in number, or require less funding individually. We deepened reform of the investment and financing system for the railway industry. We arranged a third-party assessment of the implementation of the Guidelines on Encouraging and Guiding the Sound Development of Private Investment, and implemented and improved policies and measures to encourage the sound development of private investment.
四是资源性产品价格形成机制不断完善。推出成品油价格形成新机制，出台了支持油品质量升级的价格政策，调整了非居民用天然气门站价格，提高了可再生能源电价附加和环保电价标准，完善核电、水电和光伏发电上网电价机制，顺利实现电煤价格并轨。	Fourth, we constantly improved the pricing mechanism for resource products. We introduced a new pricing mechanism for refined oil products, promulgated pricing policies to support the upgrading of the quality of processed oil, and adjusted city gate prices for consumption of natural gas by nonresidents. We raised the surcharge on electricity generated from renewable energy sources and the prices for electricity generated by environmentally friendly facilities; improved the pricing mechanisms for on-grid electricity generated from nuclear, hydro and photovoltaic power; and successfully abolished the dual-pricing system for coal used to generate electricity.
五是农村改革积极推进。全国农村集体土地所有权确权登记颁证工作基本完成，农村土地承包经营权确权登记试点范围扩大到105个县（市、区）。国有林场改革试点在7个省展开。	Fifth, we actively advanced rural reforms. We basically completed the work of determining, registering and certifying rural collective land ownership nationwide, and extended the trials of determining and registering contracted rural land-use rights to 105 counties, county-level cities and districts. We carried out trial reforms of state-owned forestry farms in seven provinces.
六是社会领域改革稳步开展。深化收入分配制度改革的若干意见发布实施。28个省（区、市）启动实施城乡居民大病保险试点，县级公立医院综合改革试点扩大到1000多家。前两批非时政类报刊出版单位转企改制试点基本完成。食品药品监管体制进一步完善。	Sixth, we made steady progress in social reforms. We issued guidelines for implementation on deepening reform of the income distribution system. We launched a pilot program of insurance against major diseases for rural and non-working urban residents in 28 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, and carried out trials on comprehensive reform in over 1,000 county-level public hospitals. The first two groups of publishers of newspapers and periodicals that do not cover current political affairs basically completed their trial reform to become businesses. The food and drug oversight and supervision systems improved.
与此同时，国有企业和重点行业改革继续深化，黑龙江省“两大平原”现代农业综合配套改革试验启动实施，对11个国家综合配套改革试验区进行了第三方评估和自评估。	In addition, we continued to deepen reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and key industries. We launched comprehensive coordinated trial reforms to develop modern agriculture in the Sanjiang and Songnen plains of Heilongjiang Province, and arranged third-party assessments and self-assessments of 11 national experimental zones for comprehensive coordinated reforms.
对外开放继续深化。外贸进出口总额增长7.6%，比上年加快1.4个百分点。全年非金融类外商直接投资1176亿美元，增长5.3%，服务业实际使用外资比重首次过半，外商投资加快向中西部地区梯度转移。非金融类境外直接投资902亿美元，增长16.8%。中国上海自由贸易试验区挂牌运行。推动世贸组织多哈回合谈判达成“早期收获”协议，与冰岛、瑞士签署自贸协定。积极落实丝绸之路经济带、21世纪海上丝绸之路战略构想，协调推进孟中印缅经济走廊、中巴经济走廊建设。	We opened further to the outside world. China's total imports and exports increased by 7.6%, 1.4 percentage points higher than the previous year. Non-financial foreign direct investment actually utilized in 2013 totaled US$117.6 billion, up 5.3%. Foreign investment in service industries utilized exceeded half of their total for the first time. Foreign investment moved faster to the central and western regions. China's non-financial outward direct investment reached $90.2 billion, up 16.8%. The China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone was opened. We helped reach an early harvest agreement in the WTO Doha Round of negotiations, and concluded free trade agreements with Switzerland and Iceland. We actively implemented the strategic concepts of establishing a Silk Road economic belt and a 21st century maritime Silk Road, and promoted balanced development of the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor and the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor.
（四）人民生活继续改善。加大投入力度，完善政策措施，促进经济社会协调发展。	4. The people's living standards improved. We increased investment and improved policies and measures to promote coordinated economic and social development.
一是就业保持总体稳定。城镇新增就业1310万人，年末城镇登记失业率4.05%，超额完成预期目标。高校毕业生就业创业扶持政策得到较好落实，面向就业困难人员的就业援助制度进一步健全，公共就业服务设施建设继续推进。	First, employment remained stable on the whole. An additional 13.1 million urban jobs were created, and the urban registered unemployment rate stood at 4.05% at the end of 2013, exceeding expected targets. The policy for supporting college graduates in finding jobs or starting their own businesses was satisfactorily implemented, the employment assistance system for people having difficulty finding jobs was improved, and public employment service facilities continued to improve.
二是居民收入继续增长。城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入分别实际增长7%和9.3%。农村居民收入增速连续4年快于城镇居民，农村贫困人口减少1650万人，城乡居民收入差距继续缩小。	Second, personal income increased. Urban per capita disposable income rose by 7% in real terms and rural per capita net income increased by 9.3% in real terms. Rural income growth surpassed urban income growth for the fourth consecutive year, the number of rural residents living in poverty decreased by 16.5 million, and the gap between urban and rural incomes continued to narrow.
三是社会保障制度覆盖面不断扩大。基本养老保险和医疗保险制度的城乡统筹加快推进，城乡低保制度进一步规范，临时救助制度在26个省份建立。社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制得到完善。年末参加城镇基本养老和新型农村社会养老保险人数分别达到3.46亿人和4.74亿人，增加2083万人和1082万人。企业退休人员基本养老金水平提高10%，城镇居民医保和新农合参保财政补助标准由每人每年240元提高到280元。	Third, social security coverage expanded. We accelerated the coordination of basic old-age insurance and basic medical insurance in urban and rural areas in an overall manner, further standardized the subsistence allowance systems for urban and rural residents, and established temporary assistance systems in 26 provincial-level administrative areas. We improved the mechanism that increases social assistance and social security benefits to offset the effects of inflation. By the end of 2013, 346 million urban residents had joined the basic old-age insurance system, and 474 million rural residents had joined the new type of rural old-age insurance system, an increase of 20.83 million and 10.82 million, respectively. Basic old-age pensions for enterprise retirees increased by 10%. Annual government subsidies for basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents and the new rural cooperative medical care system were raised from 240 yuan to 280 yuan per person.
四是教育事业稳步发展。农村学前教育推进工程继续实施，义务教育学校标准化建设深入推进，贫困地区义务教育薄弱学校基本办学条件持续改善。进城务工人员随迁子女接受义务教育后在当地参加升学考试政策得到较好落实。农村学生上重点高校比例提升。九年义务教育巩固率92.3%，提高0.5个百分点；高中阶段教育毛入学率86%，提高1个百分点；普通高等学校招生699.8万人，研究生招生77.9万人，其中全日制研究生招生61.1万人。	Fourth, education developed steadily. We continued to promote preschool education in rural areas, intensified the standardization of compulsory education schools, and steadily improved the basic conditions of poorly built and run schools providing compulsory education in poor areas. We effectively implemented the policy to grant children who live in urban areas with their rural migrant worker parents the same eligibility to go to secondary school or college as local students after receiving compulsory education. The ratio of rural students admitted to key colleges and universities is on the increase. The retention rate of nine-year compulsory education was 92.3%, up 0.5 percentage points over the previous year; the gross enrollment ratio for senior secondary education reached 86%, up one percentage point; and regular undergraduate and graduate enrollment totaled 6.998 million and 779,000, respectively, including 611,000 full-time graduates.
五是医疗卫生服务体系继续完善。公共卫生服务体系、医疗服务体系、计划生育服务体系、全科医生培养基地和医药卫生信息化建设得到加强。人均基本公共卫生服务经费标准从25元提高到30元。每千人口医疗卫生机构床位数4.55张，增长7.3%。人口自然增长率4.92‰，实现计划目标。	Fifth, the medical and health care services systems continued to improve. We strengthened the development of the public health services system, the medical services system, the family planning services system, centers for training general practitioners, and programs to make medical and health care services information-based. We increased annual per capita spending on basic public health services from 25 yuan to 30 yuan. Hospitals and health care institutions had 4.55 beds per 1,000 people, up 7.3%. The natural population growth rate was 4.92 per thousand, which met the planned target.
六是公共文化服务体系不断健全。广播电视村村通、文化信息资源共享等文化惠民工程扎实推进，国家文化和自然遗产保护设施建设专项继续实施。旅游法和国民旅游休闲纲要出台，全年旅游总收入2.95万亿元，增长14%。群众体育保障水平提高，全年新增体育场地5.18万个。	Sixth, the public cultural services system constantly improved. We steadily pressed ahead with cultural projects to benefit the people such as the extension of radio and television coverage to all villages and the enjoying of national cultural information resources together, and continued to implement special projects to develop facilities for preserving national cultural and natural heritage sites. The Tourism Law and the National Tourism and Recreation Program were introduced and revenue from tourism totaled 2.95 trillion yuan for the year, an increase of 14% over the previous year. We increased funding for recreational sports, and built 51,800 sports venues for the year.
七是保障性安居工程建设加快。全年基本建成城镇保障性安居工程住房544万套，新开工666万套，均超过计划目标。	Seventh, construction on government-subsidized housing picked up speed. Last year we basically completed work on 5.44 million government-subsidized housing units in urban areas and began construction on an additional 6.66 million units, with both numbers exceeding the planned figure.
在国内外环境错综复杂的情况下，经济保持平稳发展，社会大局和谐稳定，成绩来之不易。这是党中央、国务院科学决策、正确领导的结果，是各地区、各部门齐心协力、狠抓落实的结果，是全国各族人民艰苦奋斗、共同努力的结果。	In the face of complex situations at home and abroad, we maintained steady economic development and overall social harmony and stability. These hard won achievements can be attributed to the good policymaking and correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the concerted efforts and vigorous implementation of all regions and government departments, and the arduous work and joint efforts of the people of all China's ethnic groups.
在看到成绩的同时，我们也清醒地认识到，经济社会发展还面临不少矛盾和困难。世界经济继续呈缓慢复苏态势，仍存在不稳定不确定因素。国内发展中不平衡不协调不可持续的问题依然突出，稳中向好的基础尚不稳固。一是经济增长的动力不足。新的消费增长点不多，投资接续能力偏弱，出口形势仍然严峻。二是结构优化升级任务依然艰巨。部分行业产能过剩问题严重，科研成果向生产力转化不足，一些企业生产经营困难。三是制约农业稳定发展的问题凸显。资源环境约束趋紧，农田水利基础设施仍然薄弱，现有生产经营体制不完全适应现代农业发展要求，农业生产成本上升、比较效益下降。四是资源消耗和环境污染问题突出。节能减排形势严峻，特别是大范围多频次的雾霾天气，严重影响人民群众的生活和健康。五是财政金融潜在风险不容忽视。部分地方和行业债务负担较重，一些企业负债率过高，金融机构不良资产有所增加，流动性风险管理难度增大。同时，结构性就业矛盾突出，部分大城市住房价格上涨过快，房地产领域存在风险隐患，食品药品质量、安全生产、收入分配、征地拆迁等方面也存在一些比较突出的问题。对此，我们一定高度重视，切实采取措施，认真加以解决。	As we look at these achievements, we are also keenly aware that we still face a number of conflicts and difficulties in economic and social development. The world economy continues to recover slowly and is still beset with instability and uncertainty. Domestically, unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development remains a serious problem, and the foundation for steady economic growth is not yet firm. First, the impetus for economic growth is not strong. There are few new growth areas of consumption, our ability to make new investment is weak, and the export situation remains grim. Second, the task of improving and upgrading the economic structure is still arduous. The problem of overcapacity is serious in some industries. The transformation of scientific and technological results into productive forces is insufficient. Some enterprises are experiencing difficulties in their production and operations. Third, problems hindering steady agricultural development are prominent. Resource and environmental constraints have tightened; infrastructure for irrigation and water conservancy is still weak; the existing production management system falls short of the development needs of modern agriculture; and agricultural production is not profitable. Fourth, the problems of consumption of resources and environmental pollution are prominent. The tasks of conserving energy and reducing emissions are arduous; in particular, smog frequently engulfs large areas of China and seriously affects people's lives and health. Fifth, hidden fiscal and financial risks cannot be overlooked. The debt burden of some local governments and industries is heavy, some enterprises are too deeply in debt, the nonperforming assets of financial institutions have risen, and liquidity risk management has become more difficult. In addition, the problem of structural unemployment is prominent, housing prices in some large cities are rising too fast, and there are risks and hidden dangers in the real estate market. There are also prominent problems concerning food and drug quality, workplace safety, income distribution, and land expropriation and resettlement. We must take these problems very seriously and adopt measures to resolve them.
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