中国应对气候变化的政策与行动 2012年度报告
China's Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change (2012)
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| 七、加强国际交流与合作 | VII. Enhancing International Exchanges and Cooperation |
| 继续本着“互利共赢、务实有效”的原则积极参加和推动与各国政府、国际组织、国际机构的务实合作，为促进全球合作应对气候变化发挥着积极建设性作用。 | Based on the principles of "mutual benefit and win-win cooperation, being practical and effective," China has continuously and proactively participated in and promoted practical cooperation with other governments, international organizations and institutions, and is playing a positive and constructive role in advancing global cooperation on climate change. |
| （一）推动与国际组织合作 | (I) Furthering Cooperation with International Organizations |
| 国家发展改革委与联合国环境规划署合作，共同开展GEF“增强对脆弱发展中国家气候适应力的能力、知识和技术支持”项目。卫生部组织中国疾病预防控制中心等单位与世界卫生组织合作，实施GEF“适应气候变化保护人类健康”项目，目前中国项目活动按计划顺利开展。科技部与国家发展改革委联合举办了“碳收集领导人论坛（CSLF）第四届部长级会议。国家林业局成功召开了首届亚太经合组织林业部长级会议，举办了联合国粮农组织第24次亚太林委会会议和第2届亚太林业周活动、东北亚生态论坛。依托亚太森林恢复与可持续管理网络中心，开展亚太地区林业应对气候变化相关能力建设和国际合作项目。民政部积极推进上海合作组织、中日韩、中俄印和东盟地区论坛等框架下的对话与交流，进一步完善了上合、东盟、中日韩、中俄印等多边减灾救灾合作机制。 | China's National Development and Reform Commission has joined the United Nations Environment Programme in the Enhancing Capacity, Knowledge and Technology Support to Build Climate Resilience of Vulnerable Developing Countries, a project funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF). Under the guidance of the Ministry of Health, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention has collaborated with the World Health Organization on Piloting Climate Change Adaptation to Protect Human Health, another GEF-funded project that is being implemented smoothly in China. The Ministry of Science and Technology and the National Development and Reform Commission have jointly held the Fourth Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF) Ministerial Conference. The State Forestry Administration has hosted the First APEC Meeting of Ministers Responsible for Forestry, the 24th Session of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization Asia-Pacific Forestry Commission, the Second Asia Pacific Forestry Week, and the Forum on Ecology for Northeast Asia. Supported by the Asia-Pacific Network for Sustainable Forest Management (APFNet), China has begun research on improving the abilities of Asia-Pacific forestry departments to address climate change, and has launched international cooperation programs. China's Ministry of Civil Affairs has proactively boosted dialogues and exchanges within the frameworks of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), China-Japan-South Korea, China-Russia-India, and the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), and promoted multilateral cooperation mechanisms for disaster mitigation and relief. |
| （二）加强与发达国家合作 | (II) Strengthening Cooperation with Developed Countries |
| 国家发展改革委组织召开了中欧、中德、中英、中丹气候变化双边磋商会议，推动了有关框架协议签署和合作项目开展。科技部在中美清洁能源联合研究中心框架下，双方在洁净煤技术、建筑节能技术以及电动汽车等领域开展了富有成效的联合研究。住房城乡建设部与美国、德国、英国、加拿大、丹麦等国有关部门签署了有关建筑节能合作备忘录，促进建筑节能的合作。交通运输部与德国交通建设和城市规划部联合举办了“中德绿色物流会议”，进一步加强了交通运输低碳发展国际交流与合作。中国民航局与美国贸发署（TDA）和联邦航空局（FAA）共同举办了“中美民航节能减排高层培训”，学习了解美国民航业节能减排管理体制、运行机制、相关技术和研发项目进展，以及美国民航业应对气候变化的做法和经验。 | China's National Development and Reform Commission has held bilateral consultations on climate change with the EU, Germany, Britain, and Denmark and pushed for the adoption of relevant framework agreements and the launch of cooperation projects. Within the framework of the China-US Clean Energy Research Center (CERC), China's Ministry of Science and Technology has conducted fruitful joint research with its US counterpart in the areas of clean coal technology, energy-efficient building technology, and electric automobiles. To enhance cooperation in energy-efficient building technology research, China's Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has signed cooperation memorandums with its counterparts in the United States, Germany, Britain, Canada, and Denmark. China's Ministry of Transport and the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development co-hosted the First China-German Conference on Green Logistics, which deepened international exchanges and cooperation on low-carbon transport. The Civil Aviation Administration of China, the US Trade and Development Agency, and the Federal Aviation Administration jointly organized the High Level Training on Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction in Aviation, which provided an opportunity for the Chinese delegates to learn about the US aviation industry's management systems, operating mechanisms, relevant technologies and research projects for energy conservation and emissions reduction. The training has also provided the Chinese delegates with practices and experience of the US civil aviation sector in addressing climate change. |
| （三）深化与发展中国家合作 | (III) Deepening Cooperation with Developing Countries |
| 国家发展改革委积极推动应对气候变化南南合作，已与埃塞俄比亚、格林纳达、尼日利亚、马达加斯加以及贝宁等国签署《应对气候变化物资赠送的谅解备忘录》，向其赠送节能低碳产品；成功举办8期发展中国家应对气候变化研修班，共培训来自81个国家的300多名政府官员和技术人员。科技部支持了13个面向发展中国家的、与应对气候变化直接相关的国际培训班，涉及生物质、太阳能、沼气、荒漠化防治、节水高效农业、草原生态建设、热带生物多样性、燃煤电厂烟气净化、非木质林产品开发等领域；重点支持南太平洋岛国可再生能源利用与海洋灾害预警研究及能力建设、LED照明产品开发推广应用、秸秆综合利用技术示范、风光互补发电系统研究推广利用、灌溉滴水肥高效利用技术试验示范等一批援外项目，帮助发展中国家提高应对气候变化的适应能力。水利部承办了水资源和小水电部级培训班，与发展中国家高级官员交流了气候变化条件下加强水资源管理，开发、利用小水电等方面的经验和实践。国家海洋局设立了“南海及周边海洋国际合作框架计划（2011-2015）”，将“海洋与气候变化”、“海洋防灾减灾”列为主要资助领域，联合周边国家开展了“中印尼热带东南印度洋海－气相互作用与观测”和“印度洋季风爆发观测研究项目”。国家林业局成功举办了“气候变化框架下毁林与土地退化监测和评估南南合作研讨班”，共同探讨中国与发展中国家开展林业应对气候变化南南合作 | China's National Development and Reform Commission has vigorously promoted South-South cooperation on climate change, and has signed the Memorandum of Understanding on Providing Foreign Aid to Address Climate Change with Ethiopia, Grenada, Nigeria, Madagascar, and Benin, promising to donate energy-saving and low-carbon products to these countries. It has also successfully arranged eight seminars on addressing climate change in developing countries, which offered training to more than 300 officials and professionals from 81 countries. China's Ministry of Science and Technology supported 13 international seminars focusing on developing countries' efforts to address climate change, covering the fields of biomass, solar energy, methane, desertification prevention and control, water-saving high-efficiency agriculture, grassland ecological construction, tropical biodiversity, treatment of flue gases from coal-fired power plants, and exploration of non-timber forest products. To help developing countries improve their climate change adaptation capabilities, the ministry supported a series of foreign aid programs in areas such as renewable energy, building marine disaster early warning capability in the South Pacific island countries, development and general application of LED products, comprehensive utilization of straw, hybrid solar-wind power generation systems, and fertilizer-drip irrigation technology. During a ministerial training course on water resources and small hydropower stations hosted by the Ministry of Water Resources, China shared its experience with senior officials from other developing countries on enhancing water resource management and the use of small hydropower stations in the context of climate change. China's State Oceanic Administration has issued an International Cooperation Framework Plan on the South China Sea and its Adjacent Oceans (2011-2015), giving funding priority to the ocean and climate change and marine disaster prevention and mitigation. Collaborating with neighboring countries, China initiated China-Indonesia Observation on the Air-sea Inter-action and Observation and Research Projects on Monsoon Jets in the Indian Ocean. China's State Forestry Administration has successfully held the "Seminar on Monitoring Deforestation and Land Degradation and Evaluating South-South Cooperation within the Climate Change Framework", to discuss forestry cooperation with other developing countries in addressing climate change. |
| （四）开展清洁发展机制项目合作 | (IV) Promoting Cooperation on Clean Development Mechanism Projects |
| 截至2012年8月底，中国共批准了4540个清洁发展机制项目，预计年减排量近7.3亿吨二氧化碳当量，主要集中在新能源和可再生能源、节能和提高能效、甲烷回收利用等方面。其中，已有2364个项目在联合国清洁发展机制执行理事会成功注册，占全世界注册项目总数的50.41％，已注册项目预计年减排量(CER)约4.2亿吨二氧化碳当量，占全球注册项目年减排量的54.54％，项目数量和年减排量都居世界第一。注册项目中已有880个项目获得签发，总签发量累计5.9亿吨二氧化碳当量，为《京都议定书》的实施提供了支持。 | As of the end of August 2012, China had approved 4,540 clean development mechanism (CDM) projects, focusing on new energy and renewable energy, energy conservation and the enhancement of energy efficiency, methane recycling and relevant areas. Their estimated annual certified emissions reduction (CER) has reached 730 million tons of CO2 equivalent. A total of 2,364 of the projects have been registered with the United Nations Clean Development Mechanism Executive Board, accounting for 50.41 percent of the world's total registered programs. Their estimated certified emission reduction (CER) has reached 420 million tons of CO2 equivalent annually, accounting for 54.54 percent of the global total. China tops the list in both numbers of registered projects and annual certified emissions reduction (CER). So far, 880 of the registered Chinese projects have been approved, and the total issuance volume has reached 590 million tons of CO2 equivalent, which is a major contribution to the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. |
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