中国应对气候变化的政策与行动 2012年度报告
China's Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change (2012)
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| 三、开展低碳发展试验试点 | III. Promoting Low-carbon Pilot Projects |
| 继续推进低碳省区和城市试点，启动碳排放交易试点，开展低碳产品、低碳交通运输体系、绿色重点小城镇试点，探索不同地区、不同行业绿色低碳发展的经验和模式。 | The government continues to promote low-carbon pilot projects in selected provinces and cities, launch carbon emission trading pilot programs, and explore the experience of different regions and industries in implementing low-carbon development through projects that encourage low-carbon products, transport systems and towns. |
| （一）继续推进低碳省区和城市试点 | (I) Continuing to Promote Low-carbon Pilot Projects in Provinces and Cities |
| 国家发展改革委批复了各试点省区和城市低碳发展规划实施方案，加强对试点工作的指导，完善工作机制，推动构建以低碳排放为特征的产业体系，低碳试点各项工作稳步开展。各试点省区和城市成立了低碳试点工作领导小组，建立决策咨询机制、基础研究机制、试点示范机制、对外交流合作机制等，创新有利于低碳发展的体制机制。将二氧化碳排放强度下降指标完成情况纳入各地区经济社会发展综合评价体系和干部政绩考核体系。目前，各试点省市已完成启动阶段各项任务目标，正进入攻坚阶段，全面开展各项试点工作。 | The National Development and Reform Commission has approved low-carbon development plans for all provinces and cities that are designated as pilot areas. It has strengthened its guidance of pilot projects, improved its operational capabilities, and promoted the construction of a low carbon industrial system. Steady progress has been made in low-carbon pilot projects. All designated pilot provinces and cities have set up low-carbon leading groups and established mechanisms for decision-making consultation, basic research, pilot demonstration, and international exchange and cooperation. Every effort has been made to encourage innovative institutional mechanisms that are conducive to low-carbon development. A carbon intensity reduction index has been included in the comprehensive evaluation of regional economic and social development and the cadre performance appraisal system. Currently, the pilot provinces and cities have completed the objectives of the start-up phase, and have begun carrying out comprehensive pilot work. |
| （二）启动碳排放交易试点 | (II) Initiating Pilot Programs for Carbon Emissions Trading |
| 建立自愿减排交易机制。2012年6月，国家发展改革委出台《温室气体自愿减排交易管理暂行办法》，确立自愿减排交易机制的基本管理框架、交易流程和监管办法，建立交易登记注册系统和信息发布制度，鼓励基于项目的温室气体自愿减排交易，保障有关交易活动有序开展。 | Establishing a voluntary emission trading system. In June, 2012, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Interim Regulation of Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Emission Trading. The document sets out the basic management framework, trading procedures and supervisory measures of the voluntary trading, establishes a registration and recording system and an information disclosure system, and encourages project-based voluntary greenhouse gas emissions trading, so as to ensure trading takes place in an orderly fashion. |
| 开展碳排放权交易试点。2011年，国家发展改革委在北京市、天津市、上海市、重庆市、湖北省、广东省及深圳市启动碳排放权交易试点工作。各试点地区加强组织领导，建立专职队伍，安排试点工作专项资金，抓紧组织编制碳排放权交易试点实施方案，明确总体思路、工作目标、主要任务、保障措施及进度安排。着手研究制定碳排放权交易试点管理办法，明确试点的基本规则。测算并确定本地区温室气体排放总量控制目标，研究制定温室气体排放指标分配方案。建立本地区碳排放权交易监管体系和登记注册系统，培育和建设交易平台，做好碳排放权交易试点支撑体系建设。北京市、上海市、广东省分别在2012年3月28日、8月16日和9月11日启动碳排放权交易试点。 | Conducting carbon emission trading pilot programs. In 2011, the National Development and Reform Commission initiated pilot programs for carbon emissions trading in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing, Hubei, Guangdong and Shenzhen. The designated areas strengthened organization and leadership, established professional teams and earmarked funds for the pilot programs. They organized the compiling of an implementation plan for the carbon emission trading pilot program, defining the overall concept, objectives, key tasks, safeguards and project schedules. They studied and formulated regulations for the carbon emission trading pilot program and worked out the basic rules for the program. They have calculated and defined overall caps for greenhouse gas emissions in their regions, and formulated plans for distributing specific emissions targets. To develop a support system for the pilot programs, regulatory as well as registration and recording systems have been established and trading platforms have been developed in each pilot area. Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong launched their pilot programs on March 28, August 16, and September 11, 2012, respectively. |
| （三）开展相关领域低碳试点工作 | (III). Carrying out Low-carbon Pilot Programs in Relevant Areas |
| 研究开展低碳产业试验园区、低碳社区、低碳商业试点。国家发展改革委组织开展低碳产业试验园区、低碳社区、低碳商业评价指标体系和配套政策研究，探索形成适合中国国情的低碳发展模式和政策机制。 | Studying and starting trials of low-carbon industry park, communities and commerce. The National Development and Reform Commission organized studies to establish an evaluation index and support policies for low-carbon industrial experimental zones, communities and commerce, in order to define low-carbon development modes and policies suited to China's actual conditions. |
| 开展低碳产品试点。国家发展改革委组织研究产品碳排放计算方法，建立低碳产品标准、标识和认证制度，组织编制《低碳产品认证管理办法（暂行）》，引导低碳消费。 | Beginning trials of low-carbon products. The National Development and Reform Commission has organized research into methods of calculating product carbon emissions, established standards and identification and certification systems for low-carbon products. It has also published the Interim Procedures for the Low-carbon Product Certification Management as a guide to creating low-carbon consumption patterns. |
| 开展低碳交通运输体系建设城市试点。2011年，交通运输部启动低碳交通运输体系建设试点工作，以公路、水路交通运输和城市客运为主，选定天津、重庆、深圳、厦门、杭州、南昌、贵阳、保定、无锡、武汉10个城市开展首批试点。2012年2月，选定北京、昆明、西安、宁波、广州、沈阳、哈尔滨、淮安、烟台、海口、成都、青岛、株洲、蚌埠、十堰、济源市16个城市开展低碳交通运输体系建设第二批城市试点工作。目前，各试点城市通过建设低碳型交通基础设施，推广应用低碳型交通运输装备，优化交通运输组织模式及操作方法，建设智能交通工程，完善交通公众信息服务，建立健全交通运输碳排放管理体系，加快建设以低碳排放为特征的交通运输体系。 | Selecting cities to pilot low-carbon transport systems. In 2011, the Ministry of Transport initiated pilot projects for the construction of low-carbon transport systems, with an emphasis on road and river transport and urban passenger transport. Ten cities - Tianjin, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Xiamen, Hangzhou, Nanchang, Guiyang, Baoding, Wuxi and Wuhan - were selected to carry out the initial trials. A further 16 cities - Beijing, Kunming, Xi'an, Ningbo, Guangzhou, Shenyang, Harbin, Huai’an, Yantai, Haikou, Chengdu, Qingdao, Zhuzhou, Bengbu, Shiyan and Jiyuan - were named the second batch of pilot cities in February, 2012. The trial cities have accelerated the construction of low-carbon transport systems by constructing low-carbon transport infrastructure, employing low-carbon vehicles, optimizing transport planning and operating methods, creating intelligent traffic projects, improving public transport information services, and establishing and improving carbon emissions management systems. |
| 开展绿色低碳重点小城镇试点示范。2011年，财政部、住房城乡建设部和国家发展改革委启动绿色低碳重点小城镇试点示范工作，选定北京市密云县古北口镇、天津市静海县大邱庄镇、江苏省苏州市常熟市海虞镇、安徽省合肥市肥西县三河镇、福建省厦门市集美区灌口镇、广东省佛山市南海区西樵镇、重庆市巴南区木洞镇7个镇为第一批试点示范绿色低碳重点小城镇。各试点示范镇根据本地经济社会发展水平、区位特点、资源和环境基础，分类探索小城镇建设发展模式。编制完善总体规划和各专项规划，有效利用土地和其他资源，合理布局建设用地，加强生态环境建设，改善居住环境，增强基础设施和公共服务覆盖能力，引导产业和人口有序集聚。 | Carrying out green and low-carbon pilot and demonstration projects in key small towns. In 2011, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the National Development and Reform Commission jointly launched the green and low-carbon pilot and demonstration project for key small towns. Seven small towns were selected to take part in the project - Gubeikou Town in Miyun County, Beijing; Daqiuzhuang Town in Jinghai County, Tianjin; Haiyu Town in Changshu, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province; Sanhe Town, in Feixi County, Hefei City, Anhui Province; Guankou Town in Jimei District, Xiamen City, Fujian Province; Xiqiao Town, in Nanhai District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province; and Mudong Town in Banan District, Chongqing. Taking into account their level of social and economic development, geographical features, as well as resources and environment, the participating towns are systematically exploring suitable development models. General and specific plans have been formulated and improved to address issues such as effectively utilizing land and other resources, rationally allocating construction land, strengthening eco-environment development, improving the living environment, strengthening infrastructure, boosting public services, and guiding the orderly creation of population and industrial districts. |
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