中国应对气候变化的政策与行动 2012年度报告
China's Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change (2012)
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| 四、加强能力建设 | IV. Strengthening Capacity Building |
| （一）加强低碳发展顶层设计 | (I) Strengthening Top-level Planning of Low-carbon Development |
| 制定并贯彻落实《“十二五”控制温室气体排放工作方案》。2011年，国务院印发了国家发展改革委牵头编制的《“十二五”控制温室气体排放工作方案》，明确了到2015年中国控制温室气体排放的总体要求和主要目标，提出了推进低碳发展重点任务和政策措施。2012年，国务院办公厅印发了《“十二五”控制温室气体排放工作方案重点工作部门分工》，对方案的贯彻落实工作进行全面部署。 | Formulating and implementing the Work Plan for Greenhouse Gases Emission control During the 12th Five-Year Plan Period. In 2011, the State Council published the Work Plan for Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions During the 12th Five-Year Plan Period, a document compiled under the direction of the National Development and Reform Commission. The plan sets out the overall requirements and main objectives for the control of greenhouse gas emissions to 2015 and defines key tasks and policy measures for promoting low-carbon development. In 2012, the General Office of the State Council published the Work Division Scheme for the Work Plan for Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions During the 12th Five-Year Plan Period, which defines an overall framework for the implementation of the plan. |
| 加强应对气候变化法制建设。国家发展改革委会同有关部门研究起草应对气候变化法律框架；通过开展“省级气候变化立法研究——以江苏省为例”项目推进中国省级应对气候变化立法，为全国范围开展立法工作积累经验。 | Improving the legal system for addressing climate change. The National Development and Reform Commission and relevant departments have drafted a legal framework for addressing climate change. A project entitled Studies into Provincial Legislation on Climate Change: a Case Study of Jiangsu Province was initiated to improve provincial legislation on addressing climate change and gain experience for accelerating the passing of national legislation. |
| 开展重大战略研究和规划制定。国家发展改革委会同财政部等有关部门组织开展了中国低碳发展宏观战略研究项目，对我国到2020、2030和2050年低碳发展总体态势进行分析判断，研究提出我国低碳发展宏观战略的分阶段目标任务、实现途径、政策体系、保障措施等，为加快推进低碳发展奠定理论和政策基础。组织开展了《国家应对气候变化规划（2011-2020年）》编制工作，印发《地方应对气候变化规划编制指导意见》，加强对地方应对气候变化规划编制工作的指导。组织制定《国家适应气候变化总体战略》。 | Launching major strategic studies and formulating plans. The National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance and other relevant departments organized and launched a research project on China’s macro strategy for low-carbon development. The project analyzed and made judgments on the overall situation of China’s low-carbon development in 2020, 2030 and 2050, and proposed phased objectives and tasks, implementation approaches, policy systems and safeguard measures for the country’s low carbon macro-strategy, which lays a theoretical and policy foundation for accelerating low-carbon development. The National Development and Reform Commission has organized the compil of the National Plan for Addressing Climate Change (2011-2020), and published the Guidance on the Compiling of Local Plans for Addressing Climate Change to strengthen guidance available to local planners. It has also organized the compiling of the Overall National Strategy for Adapting to Climate Change. |
| （二）逐步建立温室气体统计核算体系 | (II) Gradually Establishing Statistical and Accounting Systems for Greenhouse Gas Emissions |
| 建立和健全温室气体排放基础统计制度。国家发展和改革委会同有关部门组织编写了《关于加强应对气候变化和温室气体排放统计的意见》。云南省等一些地方统计部门已启动温室气体排放基础统计工作。国务院机关事务管理局制订了《公共机构能源资源消耗统计制度》，组织完成了“十一五”期间和2011年全国公共机构能源资源消耗情况汇总分析和国家机关办公建筑、大型公共建筑能耗统计。住房城乡建设部修订了《民用建筑能耗和节能信息统计报表制度》。国家林业局进一步加快推进全国林业碳汇计量与监测体系建设，试点已扩大到17个省市。国家统计局出台了《关于加强和完善服务业统计工作的意见》，为建立健全服务业能源统计奠定坚实基础。交通运输部组织开展交通运输行业碳排放统计监测研究。 | Launching and improving a basic statistical system for measuring greenhouse gas emissions. The National Development and Reform Commission and other relevant departments organized the compiling of Opinions on Improving Response to Climate Change and Statistical Work for Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Statistical departments in Yunnan and other provinces have initiated basic statistical investigations of greenhouse gas emissions. The Government Offices Administration of the State Council has formulated the Statistical System of Energy and Resources Consumption in Public Institutions, gathered and analyzed statistics on energy and resource consumption by public institutions and worked out energy consumption statistics for state office buildings and other large public buildings for the year 2011 and the 11th Five-Year Plan period. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has revised the System of Statistical Report on Energy Consumption and Energy-Saving Information of Civil Buildings. The State Forestry Administration has further accelerated the development of the national forest carbon sink metering and monitoring system. Pilot projects have been extended to 17 provinces and cities. The National Bureau of Statistics released the Opinions on Strengthening and Improving the Statistical Work of Service Industry, which lays a solid foundation for establishing and improving energy statistics in the service sector. The Ministry of Transport has organized research on statistical work and monitoring of carbon emissions in the transport sector. |
| 大力推进温室气体清单编制和排放核算。国家发展改革委发布《省级温室气体清单指南（试行）》，组织完成中国2005年温室气体清单和第二次国家信息通报编制工作。组织编写了陕西、浙江、湖北、云南、辽宁、广东和天津7个省（市）2005年温室气体排放清单总报告及能源、工业生产过程、农业、土地利用变化及林业、废弃物五个领域的温室气体清单分报告。组织开展其他24省市温室气体清单编制工作。研究开展化工、建材、钢铁、有色、电力、航空等行业企业温室气体排放核算方法和报告规范。 | Vigorously advancing greenhouse gas inventory compilation and emission accounting. The National Development and Reform Commission has issued the Guidance for Compiling Provincial Greenhouse Gas Emission Lists (Trial), and organized the compilation of the 2005 greenhouse gas emission inventory and the second national report. It created a general report on greenhouse gas emission inventory for Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Hubei, Yunnan, Liaoning, Guangdong and Tianjin and completed individual reports on five industries, namely, energy, industrial production processes, agriculture, changes in land use and forestry, and waste. It has also compiled greenhouse gas emission inventories for another 24 provinces and cities, and carried out research into carbon emission calculation methods and reporting specifications for enterprises in the chemicals, building materials, steel, non-ferrous metal, electricity and aviation sectors. |
| （三）增强科技支撑 | (III) Fueling Support for Science and Technology |
| 加强基础科学研究。科技部、国家发展改革委等有关部门联合印发了《“十二五”国家应对气候变化科技发展专项规划》。科技部通过973计划支持“应对气候变化科技专项”和全球变化研究国家重大科学研究计划，支持气候变化领域基础研究工作。水利部组织开展气候变化对水利影响方面的关键技术研究，开展水利应对气候变化影响的适应性对策措施研究。卫生部启动气候变化对人类健康的影响与适应机制研究。国土资源部组织开展“应对全球气候变化地质响应与对策”调查和研究工作。环境保护部组织开展钢铁、水泥、交通等重点行业大气污染物与温室气体排放协同控制政策与示范研究。国家林业局初步完成中国森林对气候变化响应与林业适应对策研究，进一步推进典型森林生态系统固碳和减排经营技术研究。交通运输部组织开展“建设低碳交通运输体系研究”。中国气象局组织开展了多模式超级集合、动力与统计集成等客观化气候预测新技术的研发和应用，完成政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）的第五次国际耦合模式比较计划，为IPCC第五次评估报告提供模式结果。 | Strengthening basic scientific research. The Ministry of Science and Technology and the National Development and Reform Commission have jointly formulated the National Scientific and Technological Actions on Climate Change During the 12th Five-Year Plan Period. The Ministry of Science and Technology has passed the Development Plan for National Program on Key Basic Research Projects ( also known as the 973 Plan) to support the Climate Change Technology Special Project and also passed a Global Change and Major National Scientific Research Plan to improve the basic scientific research into climate change. The Ministry of Water Resources has undertaken research on key technologies related to the impact of climate change on water resources and begun a study of measures to support water conservancy adaptation as a response to climate change. The Ministry of Health has initiated research on adaptation mechanisms to address the impact of climate change on human health. The Ministry of Land and Resources has organized a research program entitled Addressing Global Climate Change and Geography Response Strategy. The Ministry of Environmental Protection has begun researching and developing policies to control air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions in key industries such as steel, cement and transport. The State Forestry Administration has completed initial research into countermeasures of China’s forests to respond and adapt to climate change, and into the technology of carbon sequestration and emission reduction management for typical forest ecosystems. The Ministry of Transport has organized a study on the construction of low-carbon transport systems. The China Meteorological Administration has launched a R&D program and the application in new climatic prediction techniques such as multi-mode super collection and power and statistical integration. It has also completed the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and contributed data to the fifth IPCC assessment report. |
| 加快低碳技术研发、应用及推广。国家发展改革委组织启动“国家低碳技术创新和产业化示范工程”首批项目，批复了钢铁、有色、石化3个行业共20个示范工程。2011-2012年度，能源领域安排科技计划项目共计59项，国拨经费总计27.4亿元。制定发布能源科技、洁净煤高效转化、风力发电等科技发展专项规划，发布第四批《国家重点节能技术推广目录》。水泥行业内有950条生产线配套建成余热发电站，年可节约1125万吨标准煤。完成5批《节能与新能源汽车示范推广应用工程推荐车型目录》的审定工作。试点推进绿色汽车维修技术，开展高速公路运营节能技术应用与示范工程。“金太阳示范工程”项目已累计支持光伏发电项目343个，总装机容量约1300MW。开展海洋波浪能、潮汐能等海洋能开发利用关键技术研究与产业化示范。开展海洋生物固碳监测试点和海底碳封存技术研究试验。科技部启动了30万吨煤制油工程高浓度二氧化碳捕集与地质封存技术开发及示范、高炉炼铁二氧化碳减排与利用技术关键技术开发和3.5万千瓦富氧燃烧碳捕获关键技术、装备研发及工程示范等项目，并部署了大规模燃煤电厂烟气二氧化碳捕集、驱油及封存技术开发及应用等示范项目。 | Enhancing R&D, application and promotion of low--carbon technology. The National Development and Reform Commission has authorized 20 demonstration projects in the steel, non-ferrous metals and petrochemical industries in the first phase of the National Low-carbon Technology Innovation and Industrialization Demonstration Project. In 2011 and 2012, the government distributed 2.74 billion yuan to fund 59 science and technology planning projects in energy sector. It has drawn up specific plans for energy technology, efficient clean coal conversion, and wind power generation. It has also released the fourth edition of State Key Energy-Efficient Technology Promotion Catalogues. The cement industry has installed waste heat power stations in 950 production facilities nationwide, saving 11.25 million tons of standard coal annually. It has approved five groups of Promoted Vehicle Catalogues of Energy-saving and New-energy Vehicle Demonstration Project, and has piloted green auto repair techniques in selected areas and carried out utilization and demonstration projects on highway energy-saving operations. The Golden Sun Demonstration Project has supported the construction of 343 photovoltaic power projects with a total installed capacity of 1,300 MW. Researches have also been carried out into the industrialization of key technologies in the fields of wave and tidal energy. Pilot projects have been launched to monitor marine biological carbon capture and study ocean-floor carbon sequestration. The Ministry of Science and Technology has initiated the technology development and demonstration of high concentration CO2 capture and geological storage in a 300,000 ton coal-to-oil project, the development of key technologies of CO2 reduction and utilization in the blast furnace iron-making process, and the R&D and demonstration of key technologies and equipments for carbon capture in 35,000 KW oxygen-enriched blast furnace operations. It has also carried out demonstration projects in carbon capture, oil substitutes, and storage technologies for coal-fired power plant flue gases. |
| 建立研究咨询机构。2011年11月，国家发展改革委成立了国家应对气候变化战略研究和国际合作中心，主要为气候变化工作提供政策研究支撑。环境保护部环境发展中心和南京环境科学研究所组建成立了环境与气候变化中心和生态保护与气候变化响应研究中心。国家林业局2011年成立了华东、中南、西北三个林业碳汇计量监测中心，2012年又成立了生态系统定位观测网站中心，负责开展全国森林、湿地、荒漠生态定位观测研究。2011年5月，中国民航总局成立了中国民航大学节能减排研究与推广中心，作为行业节能减排专门研究机构，研究并推广节能减排工作。 | Establishing research and advisory institutions. In November 2011, the National Development and Reform Commission established the National Strategic Research and International Cooperation Center for Climate Change, which aims to promote policy research on climate change. The Environment Development Center of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences jointly founded the Environment and Climate Change Center and the Ecological Protection and Climate Change Response Research Center. The State Forestry Administration built three forest carbon sink metering and monitoring centers in east, central and northwest China in 2011, and established a website to record the locations of forest, wetland and desert ecosystems in 2012. In May 2011, The Civil Aviation Administration of China established the Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Research and Promotion Center in China's Civil Aviation University, as an industrial research institute specializing in energy conservation. |
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