关于《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》的说明
Explanatory Notes for the 'Decision of the CCCPC on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform'

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二、关于全会决定的总体框架和重点问题	II. The General Framework and Key Issues of the Decision
中央政治局认为，面对新形势新任务新要求，全面深化改革，关键是要进一步形成公平竞争的发展环境，进一步增强经济社会发展活力，进一步提高政府效率和效能，进一步实现社会公平正义，进一步促进社会和谐稳定，进一步提高党的领导水平和执政能力。	The Political Bureau of the Party Central Committee believes that, facing the new situation with new tasks and new requirements, China must take comprehensive measures to deepen its reform. To do this, the key lies in further developing an environment for fair competition, further invigorating economic and social growth, further enhancing the efficiency of the government, further exploring social equality and justice, further promoting social harmony and stability, and further improving the Party's leadership and governance.
围绕这些重大课题，我们强调，要有强烈的问题意识，以重大问题为导向，抓住关键问题进一步研究思考，着力推动解决我国发展面临的一系列突出矛盾和问题。我们中国共产党人干革命、搞建设、抓改革，从来都是为了解决中国的现实问题。可以说，改革是由问题倒逼而产生，又在不断解决问题中得以深化。	To carry out these resolutions, it must be stressed that we should be fully aware of our problems, focus on the key issues for further study and research, and strive to solve the major dilemmas and problems challenging our development. As the Communist Party of China has fought its way through revolution, construction and reforms, its sole aim has always been to solve the problems of China. It is fair to say that existing problems have forced us to reform, and reforms are deepened once problems are tackled and solved.
35年来，我们用改革的办法解决了党和国家事业发展中的一系列问题。同时，在认识世界和改造世界的过程中，旧的问题解决了，新的问题又会产生，制度总是需要不断完善，因而改革既不可能一蹴而就、也不可能一劳永逸。	In the past 35 years, we have overcome many problems hindering the development of the Party and the state through reform. But new problems always replace old ones during our exploration and transformation of the world. This is why our system needs to be constantly improved and why reform cannot be accomplished in one stroke or why we cannot rest on our laurels indefinitely once existing problems are solved.
全会决定起草，突出了5个方面的考虑。一是适应党和国家事业发展新要求，落实党的十八大提出的全面深化改革开放的战略任务。二是以改革为主线，突出全面深化改革新举措，一般性举措不写，重复性举措不写，纯属发展性举措不写。三是抓住重点，围绕解决好人民群众反映强烈的问题，回应人民群众呼声和期待，突出重要领域和关键环节，突出经济体制改革牵引作用。四是坚持积极稳妥，设计改革措施胆子要大、步子要稳。五是时间设计到2020年，按这个时间段提出改革任务，到2020年在重要领域和关键环节改革上取得决定性成果。	The draft Decision stressed five major considerations. One, it had to meet the new requirements for the development of the Party and state, and implement the strategic task of deepening reform comprehensively, as set forth at the Party's 18th National Congress. Two, it had to center on reform and foreground the new measures for deepening it comprehensively, leaving out general and repetitive measures and measures solely for enhancing development. Three, it had to address the key issues, properly deal with the pressing concerns of the people, respond to their calls and aspirations, focus on important areas and crucial segments, and ensure that the reform of the economic system took the lead in promoting development. Four, it had to take an active yet discreet attitude when designing the reform measures. Five, it had to plan the tasks according to the timetable, which set forth that by 2020 decisive results were to have been achieved in the reform of important areas and crucial segments.
在框架结构上，全会决定以当前亟待解决的重大问题为提领，按条条谋篇布局。除引言和结束语外，共16个部分，分三大板块。第一部分构成第一板块，是总论，主要阐述全面深化改革的重大意义、指导思想、总体思路。第二至第十五部分构成第二板块，是分论，主要从经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明、国防和军队6个方面，具体部署全面深化改革的主要任务和重大举措。其中，经济方面开6条（第二至第七部分），政治方面开3条（第八至第十部分），文化方面开1条（第十一部分），社会方面开2条（第十二至第十三部分），生态方面开1条（第十四部分），国防和军队方面开1条（第十五部分）。第十六部分构成第三板块，讲组织领导，主要阐述加强和改善党对全面深化改革的领导。	The Plenary Session set as the framework of the Decision the important issues that China needs to deal with, and arranged the Decision according to its various points. In addition to the Foreword and Conclusion, there are 16 parts divided into three main sections. The first part is also the first section and the General Remarks that mainly elaborates on the significance, guiding thoughts and overall direction of deepening reform comprehensively. Section 2 consists of Part 2 to Part 15, introducing the arrangement of the main tasks and important measures for deepening reform in six aspects – the economy, politics, culture, society, ecology and national defense/armed forces. The different aspects are arranged as follows: Economy from Part 2 to Part 7, politics from Part 8 to Part 10, culture in Part 11, society from Part 12 to Part 13, ecology in Part 14, and national defense/armed forces in Part 15. Part 16 composes the third section, Organizational Leadership, which mainly elaborates on strengthening and improving the Party's leadership in the course of deepening reform comprehensively.
这里，我想就全会决定涉及的几个重大问题和重大举措介绍一下中央的考虑。	Here, I would like to explain the considerations of the CPC Central Committee on the major issues and key measures mentioned in the Decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee.
第一，关于使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用。这是这次全会决定提出的一个重大理论观点。这是因为，经济体制改革仍然是全面深化改革的重点，经济体制改革的核心问题仍然是处理好政府和市场关系。	First of all, we should let the market play the decisive role in allocating resources and let the government play its functions better. This is a major theoretical proposition in the Decision, because economic restructuring is still the focus of deepening reform comprehensively, and the appropriate handling of the relationship between the government and the market is still the core issue of the reform of the economic system.
1992年，党的十四大提出了我国经济体制改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济体制，提出要使市场在国家宏观调控下对资源配置起基础性作用。这一重大理论突破，对我国改革开放和经济社会发展发挥了极为重要的作用。这也说明，理论创新对实践创新具有重大先导作用，全面深化改革必须以理论创新为先导。	In 1992, the Party's 14th National Congress stipulated that China's economic reform aimed at establishing a socialist market economy, allowing the market to play the basic role in allocating resources under state macro control. This key breakthrough in theory played an extremely important role in guiding China's reform and opening-up effort, and the development of its economy and society. It also illustrated that theoretical innovation pioneers the way for innovation in practice, and for comprehensively deepening the reform we must renew our theory first.
经过20多年实践，我国社会主义市场经济体制已经初步建立，但仍存在不少问题，主要是市场秩序不规范，以不正当手段谋取经济利益的现象广泛存在；生产要素市场发展滞后，要素闲置和大量有效需求得不到满足并存；市场规则不统一，部门保护主义和地方保护主义大量存在；市场竞争不充分，阻碍优胜劣汰和结构调整，等等。这些问题不解决好，完善的社会主义市场经济体制是难以形成的。	After 20 years of practice, a socialist market economy has been basically established in China. But there are still many problems. The market lacks order and many seek economic benefits through unjustified means; the market for factors of production lags behind in development, unable to allocate the factors of production to meet the effective demand; the lack of unified market rules means rampant protectionism initiated by departments or local governments; and market competition is not good enough to select the superior and eliminate the inferior, and thus slows down economic restructuring. If left unresolved, these problems will hinder the development of a sound socialist market economy.
从党的十四大以来的20多年间，对政府和市场关系，我们一直在根据实践拓展和认识深化寻找新的科学定位。党的十五大提出“使市场在国家宏观调控下对资源配置起基础性作用”，党的十六大提出“在更大程度上发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用”，党的十七大提出“从制度上更好发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用”，党的十八大提出“更大程度更广范围发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用”。可以看出，我们对政府和市场关系的认识也在不断深化。	Over the past two decades since the Party's 14th National Congress, we have kept searching for a new positioning for the relationship between the government and the market through practice and theoretical research. The Party's 15th National Congress proposed that "the market will play a basic role in the allocation of resources under state macro control," the Party's 16th National Congress proposed to "give a fuller play to the basic role of the market in the allocation of resources," the Party's 17th National Congress sought to "introduce institutions to give better play to the basic role of market forces in allocating resources," and the Party's 18th National Congress stipulated that the Party should "leverage to a greater extent and in a wider scope the basic role of the market in allocating resources." From the above progression it can be seen that we have been constantly deepening our understanding of the government-market relationship.