关于《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》的说明
Explanatory Notes for the 'Decision of the CCCPC on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform'
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| 在这次讨论和征求意见过程中，许多方面提出，应该从理论上对政府和市场关系进一步作出定位，这对全面深化改革具有十分重大的作用。考虑各方面意见和现实发展要求，经过反复讨论和研究，中央认为对这个问题从理论上作出新的表述条件已经成熟，应该把市场在资源配置中的“基础性作用”修改为“决定性作用”。 | During the discussion and consultation sessions regarding the Decision, many suggested that the Party should further position the government-market relationship from a theoretical perspective, which would have great significance for deepening the reform comprehensively. With due consideration to these opinions and the current circumstances, and after much discussion and research, the Party Central Committee agreed that it was time to introduce a new theoretical expression concerning this matter, and that the "basic role" of the market in allocating resources should be revised to a "decisive role." |
| 现在，我国社会主义市场经济体制已经初步建立，市场化程度大幅度提高，我们对市场规律的认识和驾驭能力不断提高，宏观调控体系更为健全，主客观条件具备，我们应该在完善社会主义市场经济体制上迈出新的步伐。 | We have now basically established a socialist market economy in our country, with considerable improvement in the degree of marketization. We have gained better knowledge of the market rules and enhanced our capacity to use it to our benefit, and have improved the macro control system. With both the subjective and objective conditions ready, we should take a new step forward to improve our socialist market economy. |
| 进一步处理好政府和市场关系，实际上就是要处理好在资源配置中市场起决定性作用还是政府起决定性作用这个问题。经济发展就是要提高资源尤其是稀缺资源的配置效率，以尽可能少的资源投入生产尽可能多的产品、获得尽可能大的效益。理论和实践都证明，市场配置资源是最有效率的形式。市场决定资源配置是市场经济的一般规律，市场经济本质上就是市场决定资源配置的经济。健全社会主义市场经济体制必须遵循这条规律，着力解决市场体系不完善、政府干预过多和监管不到位问题。作出“使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用”的定位，有利于在全党全社会树立关于政府和市场关系的正确观念，有利于转变经济发展方式，有利于转变政府职能，有利于抑制消极腐败现象。 | To further balance the relationship between the government and the market, we need to decide which of the two is to play the decisive role in allocating resources. To boost the economy, we must enhance the efficiency of the allocation of resources, especially that of scarce resources, so that we can use fewer resources to make more products and gain more benefits. Both theory and practice have proved that the allocation of resources by the market is the most effective means to this end. It is a general rule of the market economy that the market decides the allocation of resources, and a market economy in essence is one in which the market determines resource allocation. We have to follow this rule when we improve the socialist market economy. We should work harder to address the problems of market imperfection, too much government interference and lack of oversight. Positioning the market as playing a "decisive role" in resource allocation is conducive to establishing the correct notion of the government-market relationship in the whole Party and the whole society, and conducive to transforming the economic growth pattern and government functions as well as reining in corruption and other forms of misconduct. |
| 当然，我国实行的是社会主义市场经济体制，我们仍然要坚持发挥我国社会主义制度的优越性、发挥党和政府的积极作用。市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，并不是起全部作用。 | Our market economy is of a socialist nature, of course. We need to give leverage to the superiority of our socialist system, and let the Party and government perform their positive functions. The market plays a decisive role in allocating resources, but is not the sole actor in this regard. |
| 发展社会主义市场经济，既要发挥市场作用，也要发挥政府作用，但市场作用和政府作用的职能是不同的。全会决定对更好发挥政府作用提出了明确要求，强调科学的宏观调控，有效的政府治理，是发挥社会主义市场经济体制优势的内在要求。全会决定对健全宏观调控体系、全面正确履行政府职能、优化政府组织结构进行了部署，强调政府的职责和作用主要是保持宏观经济稳定，加强和优化公共服务，保障公平竞争，加强市场监管，维护市场秩序，推动可持续发展，促进共同富裕，弥补市场失灵。 | To develop the socialist market economy, leverage should be given to both the market and the government, with differentiated functions. The Decision put forth clear requirements for improving the functions of the government, emphasizing that scientific macro control and effective governance are the intrinsic requirements for giving more leverage to the advantages of the socialist market economy. The Decision also makes plans for improving macro control, correctly performing government functions in all areas, and improving the organization of government. It stresses that the main responsibility and role of the government is to maintain the stability of the macro economy, strengthen and improve public services, ensure fair competition, strengthen oversight of the market, maintain market order, promote sustainable development and common prosperity, and intervene in situations where market failure occurs. |
| 第二，关于坚持和完善基本经济制度。坚持和完善公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度，关系巩固和发展中国特色社会主义制度的重要支柱。 | Two, adhering to and improving the basic economic system. The basic economic system with public ownership as the mainstay of the economy and economic entities of diverse ownership developing together is an important pillar of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and is the foundation of the socialist market economy. |
| 改革开放以来，我国所有制结构逐步调整，公有制经济和非公有制经济在发展经济、促进就业等方面的比重不断变化，增强了经济社会发展活力。在这种情况下，如何更好体现和坚持公有制主体地位，进一步探索基本经济制度有效实现形式，是摆在我们面前的一个重大课题。 | Since the introduction of the reform and opening-up policies in 1978, the structure of ownership has undergone gradual adjustment, with changing weight of public and non-public sectors in their contribution to the economy and employment. The economy and society grew more vigorous during the process. Under such circumstances, how to better recognize the dominant position of public ownership and stick to this position and how to further explore the effective forms for materializing the basic economic system have become major topics for us. |
| 全会决定强调必须毫不动摇巩固和发展公有制经济，坚持公有制主体地位，发挥国有经济主导作用，不断增强国有经济活力、控制力、影响力。 | It is emphasized in the Decision that we must unswervingly consolidate and develop the public economy, persist in the dominant position of public ownership, give full play to the leading role of the state-owned economy, and incessantly increase its vitality, control and influence. |
| 全会决定坚持和发展党的十五大以来有关论述，提出要积极发展混合所有制经济，强调国有资本、集体资本、非公有资本等交叉持股、相互融合的混合所有制经济，是基本经济制度的重要实现形式，有利于国有资本放大功能、保值增值、提高竞争力。这是新形势下坚持公有制主体地位，增强国有经济活力、控制力、影响力的一个有效途径和必然选择。 | Adhering to and furthering the relevant deliberations made since the Party's 15th National Congress, the Decision proposes to vigorously develop a mixed economy. It stresses that a mixed economy with cross-shareholding by and blending of state-owned capital, collective capital and non-public capital is an important way to materialize the basic economic system of China. It helps to improve the functions of state-owned capital, increase its value and raise its competitiveness. This is an effective channel and inevitable choice for us to adhere to the dominant role of the public economy and improve its vitality, control and influence in the new circumstances. |
| 全会决定提出，完善国有资产管理体制，以管资本为主加强国有资产监管，改革国有资本授权经营体制；国有资本投资运营要服务于国家战略目标，更多投向关系国家安全、国民经济命脉的重要行业和关键领域，重点提供公共服务、发展重要前瞻性战略性产业、保护生态环境、支持科技进步、保障国家安全；划转部分国有资本充实社会保障基金；提高国有资本收益上缴公共财政比例，更多用于保障和改善民生。 | The Decision states that China will improve the state assets management system, strengthen state assets oversight with capital management at the core, reform the authorized operation mechanism for state capital. State-owned capital investment operations must serve the strategic goals of the state, invest more in key industries and areas that are vital to national security and are the lifeblood of the economy, focus on offering public services, develop important and forward-looking strategic industries, protect the ecological environment, support scientific and technological progress, and guarantee national security. The government will transfer part of the state-owned capital to social security funds. We will increase the proportion of state-owned capital gains that are turned over to the public finance, to be used to ensure and improve the people's livelihood. |
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