关于《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》的说明
Explanatory Notes for the 'Decision of the CCCPC on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform'
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| 全会决定提出了健全城乡发展一体化体制机制的改革举措。一是加快构建新型农业经营体系。主要是坚持家庭经营在农业中的基础性地位，鼓励土地承包经营权在公开市场上向专业大户、家庭农场、农民合作社、农业企业流转，鼓励农村发展合作经济，鼓励和引导工商资本到农村发展适合企业化经营的现代种养业，允许农民以土地承包经营权入股发展农业产业化经营等。二是赋予农民更多财产权利。主要是依法维护农民土地承包经营权，保障农民集体经济组织成员权利，保障农户宅基地用益物权，慎重稳妥推进农民住房财产权抵押、担保、转让试点。三是推进城乡要素平等交换和公共资源均衡配置。主要是保障农民工同工同酬，保障农民公平分享土地增值收益；完善农业保险制度；鼓励社会资本投向农村建设，允许企业和社会组织在农村兴办各类事业；统筹城乡义务教育资源均衡配置，整合城乡居民基本养老保险制度、基本医疗保险制度，推进城乡最低生活保障制度统筹发展，稳步推进城镇基本公共服务常住人口全覆盖，把进城落户农民完全纳入城镇住房和社会保障体系。 | The Decision proposes a series of reform measures to improve the mechanisms and institutions for integrated development of urban and rural areas: One, accelerating the building of a new type of agricultural operation system. We will maintain the dominant status of family operation in agriculture; encourage the transfer of contracted land-use right to big, specialized operators, family farms, farmers' cooperatives and agricultural enterprises; encourage rural areas to develop the cooperative economy; encourage and guide industrial and commercial capital to invest in rural areas to develop modern planting and breeding industries suited for commercialized management; and allow farmers to develop industrialized operation of agriculture by becoming shareholders using their contracted land-use right, among other measures. Two, endowing farmers with more property rights. We will protect farmers' contracted land-use rights by law, safeguard the rights and interests of farmers as the members of collective economic organizations, ensure rural households' homestead usufruct, and select several pilot areas to steadily and prudently push forward the mortgage, guarantee and transfer of farmers' residential property rights. Three, promoting equal exchanges of factors of production and balanced allocation of public resources between urban and rural areas. We will ensure migrant workers receive equal pay for equal work, and ensure farmers equally share the gains from added value of land; improve the agricultural insurance system; encourage investment in rural development, and permit enterprises and social organizations to start all kinds of undertakings in rural areas; make a balanced allocation of compulsory education resources between urban and rural areas, integrate the basic old-age insurance and health-care insurance systems of urban and rural residents, and improve the balanced development of the minimum living allowance system in both urban and rural areas; and steadily make basic urban public services available to all permanent residents in cities, and incorporate farmers who have registered as urban residents into the urban housing and social security network. |
| 第五，关于推进协商民主广泛多层制度化发展。协商民主是我国社会主义民主政治的特有形式和独特优势，是党的群众路线在政治领域的重要体现。推进协商民主，有利于完善人民有序政治参与、密切党同人民群众的血肉联系、促进决策科学化民主化。 | Five, promoting wide, multi-tiered and institutionalized consultative democracy. Consultative democracy is a unique form and distinctive advantage of China's socialist democracy, and an important embodiment of the Party's mass line in the political field. Promoting consultative democracy is conducive to improving the people's orderly participation in political affairs, strengthening the ties between the Party and the people, and promoting scientific and democratic decision-making. |
| 全会决定把推进协商民主广泛多层制度化发展作为政治体制改革的重要内容，强调在党的领导下，以经济社会发展重大问题和涉及群众切身利益的实际问题为内容，在全社会开展广泛协商，坚持协商于决策之前和决策实施之中。要构建程序合理、环节完整的协商民主体系，拓宽国家政权机关、政协组织、党派团体、基层组织、社会组织的协商渠道；深入开展立法协商、行政协商、民主协商、参政协商、社会协商；发挥统一战线在协商民主中的重要作用，发挥人民政协作为协商民主重要渠道作用，完善人民政协制度体系，规范协商内容、协商程序，拓展协商民主形式，更加活跃有序地组织专题协商、对口协商、界别协商、提案办理协商，增加协商密度，提高协商成效。 | Promoting wide, multi-tiered and institutionalized consultative democracy is an important content of political restructuring as stipulated in the Decision. It stresses that, under the leadership of the Party, China will promote consultation throughout society with regard to major issues of economic and social development and practical issues closely related to the interests of the people, and adhere to the principle of consultation before policy-making and during policy implementation. We will build a consultative democracy featuring appropriate procedures and complete segments to expand the consultation channels of the organs of state power, committees of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, political parties, and community-level and social organizations; conduct intensive consultations on issues relating to legislation, administration, democracy, political participation and social problems; give full play to the important role of the united front in consultative democracy, make the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference serve as a major channel for conducting consultative democracy, improve the system of the CPPCC, specifying the contents and procedures for consultation, increase the forms of consultative democracy, and more actively carry out consultations on particular topics, and with specialists and representatives from all sectors of society, and with the relevant government departments on the handling of proposals, to improve the intensity and effectiveness of the consultations. |
| 第六，关于改革司法体制和运行机制。司法体制是政治体制的重要组成部分。这些年来，群众对司法不公的意见比较集中，司法公信力不足很大程度上与司法体制和工作机制不合理有关。 | Six, reforming the judiciary and its operation mechanism. The judiciary is an important component of the political system. Miscarriage of justice has been a major concern of the people in recent years, and the judiciary suffers a lack of credibility largely due to its current system and operation mechanism, which need improvement. |
| 司法改革是这次全面深化改革的重点之一。全会决定提出了一系列相互关联的新举措，包括改革司法管理体制，推动省以下地方法院、检察院人财物统一管理，探索建立与行政区划适当分离的司法管辖制度；健全司法权力运行机制，完善主审法官、合议庭办案责任制，让审判者裁判、由裁判者负责；严格规范减刑、假释、保外就医程序；健全错案防止、纠正、责任追究机制，严格实行非法证据排除规则；建立涉法涉诉信访依法终结制度；废止劳动教养制度，完善对违法犯罪行为的惩治和矫正法律，等等。 | Judiciary reform is one of the key points in deepening reform comprehensively. The Decision puts forward a series of new and related measures in the following aspects: reform of the judicial management system, unification of the management of staff, funds and properties of courts and procuratorates below the provincial level and exploration of ways to establish a judicial jurisdiction system that is appropriately separated from the administrative divisions; improvement of the mechanism for the use of judicial power; improvement of the responsibility system for handling cases by the presiding judge and the collegiate bench, by which the judges hand down verdicts and the collegiate bench is responsible for carrying them out; strict regulation of the procedures of sentence commuting, release on parole and medical parole; improvement of the mechanism for preventing and correcting wrong cases and the accountability system, and strict implementation of the rule banning illegal evidence; establishment of a conclusion system in accordance with the law for complaints in the form of letters and petitions involving legal issues; and abolition of the Laojiao (or re-education through labor system) and improvement of laws for the punishment and correction of unlawful and criminal acts. |
| 这些改革举措，对确保司法机关依法独立行使审判权和检察权、健全权责明晰的司法权力运行机制、提高司法透明度和公信力、更好保障人权都具有重要意义。 | These measures are of vital significance for ensuring that judicial departments independently exercise their judicial and procuratorial powers according to law, improving the judicial power operation mechanism in which rights and responsibilities are clear, improving judicial transparency and credibility, and safeguarding human rights. |
| 第七，关于健全反腐败领导体制和工作机制。反腐败问题一直是党内外议论较多的问题。目前的问题主要是，反腐败机构职能分散、形不成合力，有些案件难以坚决查办，腐败案件频发却责任追究不够。 | Seven, improving leading and working mechanisms for anti-corruption efforts. Fighting corruption has always been a widely discussed topic inside and outside the Party. We are now mainly challenged in the following problems: Anti-corruption forces performing functions separately makes it difficult to build up synergy; some cases are not dealt with resolutely; and the accountability system is too lax to handle reoccurring corruption cases. |
| 全会决定对加强反腐败体制机制创新和制度保障进行了重点部署。主要是加强党对党风廉政建设和反腐败工作统一领导，明确党委负主体责任、纪委负监督责任，制定实施切实可行的责任追究制度；健全反腐败领导体制和工作机制，改革和完善各级反腐败协调小组职能，规定查办腐败案件以上级纪委领导为主；体现强化上级纪委对下级纪委的领导，规定线索处置和案件查办在向同级党委报告的同时必须向上级纪委报告；全面落实中央纪委向中央一级党和国家机关派驻纪检机构，改进中央和省区市巡视制度，做到对地方、部门、企事业单位全覆盖。 | The Decision lays out plans for promoting innovation in the anti-corruption mechanisms and institutions, and strengthening institutional guarantees. The main points are: Strengthening the Party's unified leadership to build a clean and honest government and combat corruption; ensuring that the Party committees shoulder the major responsibility and the commission for discipline inspection takes the responsibility for supervision, and working out and implementing a feasible accountability system; improving the leading and working mechanisms for anti-corruption efforts, reforming and improving the function of anti-corruption coordination groups at all levels, and leaving the investigation of corruption cases mainly to commissions for discipline inspection of higher levels; strengthening the leadership role of the higher levels over the lower levels of the discipline inspection commissions, and the simultaneous reporting of the related investigation process to the Party committee at the same level and the commission for discipline inspection at the next-higher level; and fully ensuring that the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection dispatch resident discipline inspection agencies to the central-level departments of the Party and the government, and improving the discipline inspector system at both the central and local levels, so that it covers all regions, all sectors, and all enterprises and public institutions. |
| 这些措施都是在总结实践经验、吸收各方面意见的基础上提出来的。 | All these measures are based on past experience and the opinions of various groups and individuals. |
| 第八，关于加快完善互联网管理领导体制。网络和信息安全牵涉到国家安全和社会稳定，是我们面临的新的综合性挑战。 | Eight, accelerating the improvement of the leadership for the management of the Internet. Internet and information security bear on national security and social stability, and pose new challenges for us in many aspects. |
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